{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:40:43Z","timestamp":1792046443415,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["T34GM131939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T34GM131939"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viruses have been a long-term source of infectious diseases that can lead to large-scale infections and massive deaths. Especially with the recent highly contagious coronavirus (COVID-19), antiviral drugs were developed nonstop to deal with the emergence of new viruses and subject to drug resistance. Nitrogen-containing heterocycles have compatible structures and properties with exceptional biological activity for the drug design of antiviral agents. They provided a broad spectrum of interference against viral infection at various stages, from blocking early viral entry to disrupting the viral genome replication process by targeting different enzymes and proteins of viruses. This review focused on the synthesis and application of antiviral agents derived from various nitrogen-containing heterocycles, such as indole, pyrrole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, and quinoline, within the last ten years. The synthesized scaffolds target HIV, HCV\/HBV, VZV\/HSV, SARS-CoV, COVID-19, and influenza viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T21:39:45Z","timestamp":1650749985000},"page":"2700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Synthesis and Applications of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles as Antiviral Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4747-8349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuyen N.","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6475-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maged","family":"Henary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA"},{"name":"Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5172","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01697","article-title":"Recent Progress in the Development of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors for the Treatment of HIV\/AIDS","volume":"59","author":"Ghosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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