{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:45:37Z","timestamp":1791945937792,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Carnot Institute POLYNAT","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"CERMAV","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Levodopa (L-DOPA) remains the gold-standard drug available for treating PD. Curcumin has many pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-amyloid, and antitumor properties. Copolymers composed of Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and biodegradable polyesters such as Poly (\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL) can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs). This study describes the development of NH2\u2013PEO\u2013PCL diblock copolymer positively charged and modified by adding glutathione (GSH) on the outer surface, resulting in a synergistic delivery of L-DOPA curcumin that would be able to pass the blood\u2013brain barrier. Methods: The NH2\u2013PEO\u2013PCL NPs suspensions were prepared by using a nanoprecipitation and solvent displacement method and coated with GSH. NPs were submitted to characterization assays. In order to ensure the bioavailability, Vero and PC12 cells were treated with various concentrations of the loaded and unloaded NPs to observe cytotoxicity. Results: NPs have successfully loaded L-DOPA and curcumin and were stable after freeze-drying, indicating advancing into in vitro toxicity testing. Vero and PC12 cells that were treated up to 72 h with various concentrations of L-DOPA and curcumin-loaded NP maintained high viability percentage, indicating that the NPs are biocompatible. Conclusions: NPs consisting of NH2\u2013PEO\u2013PCL were characterized as potential formulations for brain delivery of L-DOPA and curcumin. The results also indicate that the developed biodegradable nanomicelles that were blood compatible presented low cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T22:20:06Z","timestamp":1651184406000},"page":"2811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Biodegradable Nanoparticles Loaded with Levodopa and Curcumin for Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1338-0693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bassam Felipe","family":"Mogharbel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Andr\u00e9","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"},{"name":"Centre de Recherches sur les Macromol\u00e9cules V\u00e9g\u00e9tales (CERMAV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Irioda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2582-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila Elias Ferreira","family":"Stricker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robson Camilotti","family":"Slompo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Maurer","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4034-2254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalia Barth","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maiara Carolina","family":"Perussolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Sayuri","family":"Sa\u00e7aki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia Nascimento","family":"da Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilcele Silva Moreira","family":"Dziedzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9851-5616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Travelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches sur les Macromol\u00e9cules V\u00e9g\u00e9tales (CERMAV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9673-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami","family":"Halila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches sur les Macromol\u00e9cules V\u00e9g\u00e9tales (CERMAV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Redouane","family":"Borsali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches sur les Macromol\u00e9cules V\u00e9g\u00e9tales (CERMAV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4860-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine Athayde Teixeira","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pel\u00e9 Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Pr\u00edncipe Faculties, Curitiba 80240-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2014.12.002","article-title":"Prospects for polymer therapeutics in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other euro degenerative disorders","volume":"44","author":"Newland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. 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