{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:39:20Z","timestamp":1790757560712,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Chelidonium majus plant is rich in biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids. These alkaline polar compounds are isolated from raw materials with the use of acidified water or methanol; next, after alkalisation of the extract, they are extracted using chloroform or dichloromethane. This procedure requires the use of toxic solvents. The present study assessed the possibility of using volatile natural deep eutectic solvents (VNADESs) for the efficient and environmentally friendly extraction of Chelidonium alkaloids. The roots and herb of the plant were subjected three times to extraction with various menthol, thymol, and camphor mixtures and with water and methanol (acidified and nonacidified). It has been shown that alkaloids can be efficiently isolated using menthol\u2013camphor and menthol\u2013thymol mixtures. In comparison with the extraction with acidified methanol, the use of appropriate VNADESs formulations yielded higher amounts of protopine (by 16%), chelidonine (35%), berberine (76%), chelerythrine (12%), and coptisine (180%). Sanguinarine extraction efficiency was at the same level. Additionally, the values of the contact angles of the raw materials treated with the tested solvents were assessed, and higher wetting dynamics were observed in the case of VNADESs when compared with water. These results suggest that VNADESs can be used for the efficient and environmentally friendly extraction of Chelidonium alkaloids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T22:20:06Z","timestamp":1651184406000},"page":"2815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effectiveness of Volatile Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (VNADESs) for the Green Extraction of Chelidonium majus Isoquinoline Alkaloids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-4455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Strzemski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4413-3748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Dresler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0267-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Podko\u015bcielna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6921-1015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Skic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9346-6325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ireneusz","family":"Sowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Za\u0142uski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6180-1424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Verpoorte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0090-5486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Zieli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Krawczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0466-1343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"W\u00f3jciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00299","article-title":"Greater celandine\u2019s ups and downs-21 centuries of medicinal uses of Chelidonium majus from the viewpoint of today\u2019s pharmacology","volume":"9","author":"Zielinska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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