{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:09:28Z","timestamp":1785816568971,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SME R&amp;D project for the Start-up &amp; Grow stage company, Ministry of SMEs and Startups","award":["S2847426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2847426"]}]},{"name":"SME R&amp;D project for the Start-up &amp; Grow stage company, Ministry of SMEs and Startups","award":["20210376-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210376-3"]}]},{"name":"Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","award":["S2847426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2847426"]}]},{"name":"Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","award":["20210376-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210376-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exposure to particulate matter is a causative factor of dry eye disease. We aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of eye drops containing aucubin on dry eye disease induced by urban particulate matter (UPM). Dry eye was induced in male SD rats (6 weeks old) by topical exposure to UPM thrice a day for 5 d. Eye drops containing 0.1% aucubin or 0.5% aucubin were topically administered directly into the eye after UPM exposure for an additional 5 d. Tear secretion was evaluated using a phenol red thread tear test and corneal irregularity. The oxidative damage in the lacrimal gland was evaluated using TUNEL and immunohistochemical staining. The topical administration of aucubin significantly attenuated UPM-induced tear hyposecretion (control group: 9.25 \u00b1 0.62 mm, UPM group: 4.55 \u00b1 0.25 mm, 0.1% aucubin: 7.12 \u00b1 0.58 mm, and 0.5% aucubin: 7.88 \u00b1 0.75 mm) and corneal irregularity (control group: 0.00 \u00b1 0.00, UPM group: 3.40 \u00b1 0.29, 0.1% aucubin: 1.80 \u00b1 0.27, and 0.5% aucubin: 1.15 \u00b1 0.27). In addition, aucubin also reduced the UPM-induced apoptotic injury of lacrimal gland cells induced by oxidative stress through the increased expression of HMGB1 and RAGE. These findings indicate that the topical administration of aucubin eye drops showed a beneficial effect against UPM-induced abnormal ocular changes, such as tear hyposecretion and lacrimal gland damage. Therefore, our results reveal the pharmacological activities of aucubin in dry eye disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T08:21:25Z","timestamp":1651652485000},"page":"2926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of Aucubin-Containing Eye Drops on Tear Hyposecretion and Lacrimal Gland Damage Induced by Urban Particulate Matter in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Su-Bin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Kwon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwa-Young","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70081-2","article-title":"The definition and classification of dry eye disease: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007)","volume":"5","author":"Michael","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ocul. 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