{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T11:10:54Z","timestamp":1770462654932,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a neurotoxin produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria. Among seven different isoforms, only BoNT-A and BoNT-B are commercially used. Currently, botulinum toxin has been indicated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in several disorders, among others: chronic migraine, hyperhidrosis, urinary incontinence from detrusor overactivity, or cosmetics. However, there are numerous promising reports based on off-label BTX usage, indicating its potential effectiveness in other diseases, which remains unknown to many. Among them, dermatological conditions, such as rosacea, annal fissure, Raynaud phenomenon, hypertrophic scars and keloids, and also hidradenitis suppurativa, are currently being investigated. This article aims to provide a comprehensive update on the off-label use of botulinum toxin in dermatology, based on an analysis and summary of the published literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27103143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T09:27:56Z","timestamp":1652520476000},"page":"3143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Off-Label Use of Botulinum Toxin in Dermatology\u2014Current State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3561-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u0142osz","family":"Lewandowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3555-3070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"\u015awierczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wioletta","family":"Bara\u0144ska-Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(80)35127-0","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin Injection into Extraocular Muscles as an Alternative to Strabismus Surgery","volume":"87","author":"Scott","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Padda, I.S., and Tadi, P. 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