{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:36:10Z","timestamp":1781278570501,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ascites is a common complication of decompensated liver cirrhosis, and yet relatively little is known about its biochemical composition. We conducted two metabolomic investigations, comparing the profile of ascites from 33 cirrhotic patients and postoperative peritoneal drainage fluid from 33 surgical patients (Experiment 1). The profile of paired ascites and plasma was also compared in 17 cirrhotic patients (Experiment 2). Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry-based metabolomics identified 29 metabolites that significantly characterized ascites fluid, whether postoperative drainage fluid or plasma were used as controls. Ten elevated amino acids (glutamine, proline, histidine, tyrosine, glycine, valine, threonine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine) and seven diminished lipids (laurate, myristate, palmitate, oleate, vaccenate, stearate, cholesterol) largely comprised the cirrhotic ascites metabolomic phenotype that differed significantly (adjusted p &lt; 0.002 to 0.03) from peritoneal drainage fluid or plasma. The pattern of upregulated amino acids in cirrhotic ascites did not indicate albumin proteolysis by peritoneal bacteria. Bidirectional clustering showed that the more severe the cirrhosis, the lower the lipid concentration in ascitic fluid. The metabolomic compartment of ascites in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by increased amino acids and decreased lipids. These novel findings have potential relevance for diagnostic purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T04:39:55Z","timestamp":1655786395000},"page":"3935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Metabolomic Analysis of Cirrhotic Ascites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Diren","family":"Beyo\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthur G. Zupko Institute for Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11201, USA"},{"name":"Hepatology, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedric","family":"Simillion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Storni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Gottardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6143-1520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Idle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthur G. Zupko Institute for Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11201, USA"},{"name":"Hepatology, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014","article-title":"Burden of liver diseases in the world","volume":"70","author":"Asrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s60","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.18-2-s60","article-title":"Management of decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"18","author":"Mansour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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