{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:13:50Z","timestamp":1778922830033,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007414","name":"Qassim University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAVM-2019-2-2-I-5457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAVM-2019-2-2-I-5457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron-deficiency-induced anemia is associated with poor neurological development, including decreased learning ability, altered motor functions, and numerous pathologies. Siderophores are iron chelators with low molecular weight secreted by microorganisms. The proposed catechol-type pathway was identified based on whole-genome sequences and bioinformatics tools. The intended pathway consists of five genes involved in the biosynthesis process. Therefore, the isolated catechol-type siderophore (Sid) from Streptomyces tricolor HM10 was evaluated through an anemia-induced rat model to study its potential to accelerate recovery from anemia. Rats were subjected to an iron-deficient diet (IDD) for 42 days. Anemic rats (ARs) were then divided into six groups, and normal rats (NRs) fed a standard diet (SD) were used as a positive control group. For the recovery experiment, ARs were treated as a group I; fed an IDD (AR), group II; fed an SD (AR + SD), group III, and IV, fed an SD with an intraperitoneal injection of 1 \u03bcg Sid Kg\u22121 (AR + SD + Sid1) and 5 \u03bcg Sid Kg\u22121 (AR + SD + Sid5) twice per week. Group V and VI were fed an iron-enriched diet (IED) with an intraperitoneal injection of 1 \u03bcg Sid Kg\u22121 (AR + IED + Sid1) and 5 \u03bcg Sid Kg\u22121 (AR + IED + Sid5) twice per week, respectively. Weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio, organ weight, liver iron concentration (LIC) and plasma (PIC), and hematological parameters were investigated. The results showed that ~50\u201360 mg Sid L\u22121 medium could be producible, providing ~25\u201330 mg L\u22121 purified Sid under optimal conditions. Remarkably, the AR group fed an SD with 5 \u03bcg Sid Kg\u22121 showed the highest weight gain. The highest feed efficiency was observed in the AR + SD + Sid5 group, which did not significantly differ from the SD group. Liver, kidneys, and spleen weight indicated that diet and Sid concentration were related to weight recovery in a dose-dependent manner. Liver iron concentration (LIC) in the AR + IED + Sid1 and AR + IED + Sid5 groups was considerably higher than in the AR + SD + Sid1 AR + SD + Sid5 groups or the AR + SD group compared to the AR group. All hematological parameters in the treated groups were significantly closely attenuated to SD groups after 28 days, confirming the efficiency of the anemia recovery treatments. Significant increases were obtained in the AR + SD + Sid5 and AR + IED + Sid5 groups on day 14 and day 28 compared to the values for the AR + SD + Sid1 and AR + IED + Sid1 groups. The transferrin saturation % (TSAT) and ferritin concentration (FC) were significantly increased with time progression in the treated groups associatively with PIC. In comparison, the highest significant increases were noticed in ARs fed IEDs with 5 \u03bcg Kg\u22121 Sid on days 14 and 28. In conclusion, this study indicated that Sid derived from S. tricolor HM10 could be a practical and feasible iron-nutritive fortifier when treating iron-deficiency-induced anemia (IDA). Further investigation focusing on its mechanism and kinetics is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27134010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T23:11:19Z","timestamp":1655939479000},"page":"4010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Purified Siderophore from Streptomyces tricolor HM10 Accelerates Recovery from Iron-Deficiency-Induced Anemia in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8358-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Barakat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3498-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal A.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Faculty of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly 243123, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah S.","family":"Alsohim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2702-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medhat","family":"Rehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.06.028","article-title":"Two to Tango: Regulation of Mammalian Iron Metabolism","volume":"142","author":"Hentze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.12.006","article-title":"Bioavailability of Iron from Plant and Animal Ferritins","volume":"26","author":"Lv","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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