{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:04:34Z","timestamp":1784034274695,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["824986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["824986"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["2021\/41\/N\/ST4\/02307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/N\/ST4\/02307"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["824986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["824986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/41\/N\/ST4\/02307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/41\/N\/ST4\/02307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In vitro studies can help reveal the biochemical pathways underlying the origin of volatile indicators of numerous diseases. The key objective of this study is to identify the potential biomarkers of gastric cancer. For this purpose, the volatilomic signatures of two human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS (human gastric adenocarcinoma) and SNU-1 (human gastric carcinoma), and one normal gastric mucosa cell line (GES-1) were investigated. More specifically, gas chromatography mass spectrometry has been applied to pinpoint changes in cell metabolism triggered by cancer. In total, ten volatiles were found to be metabolized, and thirty-five were produced by cells under study. The volatiles consumed were mainly six aldehydes and two heterocyclics, whereas the volatiles released embraced twelve ketones, eight alcohols, six hydrocarbons, three esters, three ethers, and three aromatic compounds. The SNU-1 cell line was found to have significantly altered metabolism in comparison to normal GES-1 cells. This was manifested by the decreased production of alcohols and ketones and the upregulated emission of esters. The AGS cells exhibited the increased production of methyl ketones containing an odd number of carbons, namely 2-tridecanone, 2-pentadecanone, and 2-heptadecanone. This study provides evidence that the cancer state modifies the volatilome of human cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27134012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T23:11:19Z","timestamp":1655939479000},"page":"4012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Volatilomic Signatures of AGS and SNU-1 Gastric Cancer Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8601-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"\u015alefarska-Wolak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, 25406 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Heinzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), 6800 Feldkirch, Austria"},{"name":"Medical Central Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3776-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Leiherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), 6800 Feldkirch, Austria"},{"name":"Medical Central Laboratories, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria"},{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3592-2059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Ager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5582-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Muendlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), 6800 Feldkirch, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7765-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Mezmale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Riga East University Hospital, 1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0319-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcis","family":"Leja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Riga East University Hospital, 1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, 1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro H.","family":"Corvalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 833003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Drexel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), 6800 Feldkirch, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Bregenz, 6900 Bregenz, Austria"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4657-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kr\u00f3licka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Building Materials Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gidi","family":"Shani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technicon\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Breath Research, University of Innsbruck, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria"},{"name":"Tiroler Krebsforschungsinstitut (TKFI), 6020 Innsbruck, 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