{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T02:05:40Z","timestamp":1761789940269,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"Researchers Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2021\/146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["RSP-2021\/146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines the solubility and thermodynamics of febuxostat (FBX) in a variety of mono solvents, including \u201cwater, methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), isopropanol (IPA), 1-butanol (1-BuOH), 2-butanol (2-BuOH), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), ethyl acetate (EA), Transcutol-HP (THP), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)\u201d at 298.2\u2013318.2 K and 101.1 kPa. The solubility of FBX was determined using a shake flask method and correlated with \u201cvan\u2019t Hoff, Buchowski-Ksiazczak \u03bbh, and Apelblat models\u201d. The overall error values for van\u2019t Hoff, Buchowski-Ksiazczak \u03bbh, and Apelblat models was recorded to be 1.60, 2.86, and 1.14%, respectively. The maximum mole fraction solubility of FBX was 3.06 \u00d7 10\u22122 in PEG-400 at 318.2 K, however the least one was 1.97 \u00d7 10\u22127 in water at 298.2 K. The FBX solubility increased with temperature and the order followed in different mono solvents was PEG-400 (3.06 \u00d7 10\u22122) &gt; THP (1.70 \u00d7 10\u22122) &gt; 2-BuOH (1.38 \u00d7 10\u22122) &gt; 1-BuOH (1.37 \u00d7 10\u22122) &gt; IPA (1.10 \u00d7 10\u22122) &gt; EtOH (8.37 \u00d7 10\u22123) &gt; EA (8.31 \u00d7 10\u22123) &gt; DMSO (7.35 \u00d7 10\u22123) &gt; MeOH (3.26 \u00d7 10\u22123) &gt; PG (1.88 \u00d7 10\u22123) &gt; EG (1.31 \u00d7 10\u22123) &gt; water (1.14 \u00d7 10\u22126) at 318.2 K. Compared to the other combinations of FBX and mono solvents, FBX-PEG-400 had the strongest solute-solvent interactions. The apparent thermodynamic analysis revealed that FBX dissolution was \u201cendothermic and entropy-driven\u201d in all mono solvents investigated. Based on these findings, PEG-400 appears to be the optimal co-solvent for FBX solubility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27134043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T22:43:00Z","timestamp":1656024180000},"page":"4043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Solubility and Thermodynamic Data of Febuxostat in Various Mono Solvents at Different Temperatures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Nazrul","family":"Haq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adel F.","family":"Alghaith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0922-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faiyaz","family":"Shakeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1021\/je300647k","article-title":"Measurement and correlation of the solubility of febuxostat in four organic solvents at various temperatures","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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