{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:58:02Z","timestamp":1787061482398,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work under the General Research Funding program","award":["NU\/-\/MRC\/10\/340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/-\/MRC\/10\/340"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a global health threat, and the World Health Organization has included H. pylori among 12 bacterial species that require high priority future strategies for the development of new antibiotics due mainly to its high rates of resistance. Metallic nanoparticles are known for their antimicrobial properties. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as biocompatible antimicrobials. Green synthesis of ZnONPs was performed based on Oak galls extract (OGE) and was characterized by UV, IR, DLS, TEM, and SEM measurements. In addition, LC-MS\/MS was used for the identification of OGE constituents. A checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the activity of synthesized Qi-ZnONPs and OGE against H. pylori, and their synergistic effects with amoxicillin were evaluated. LC-MS\/MS analyses identified 20 compounds as major gallic acid conjugates. The ZnONPs had average particle sizes of 5.5 nm (DLS) and 7.99 nm (TEM). Both OGE and Qi-ZnONPs exhibited moderate activity against H. pylori. Amoxicillin and Qi-ZnONPs combinations (1:2 and 1:4 amoxicillin:\/Qi-ZnONPs) significantly decreased the MIC90 by two-fold and four-fold, respectively, and FIC values for the combinations were more significant than with OGE alone. OGE is rich in phenolics. The synergism between Qi-ZnONPs and amoxicillin can provide an alternative safe agent of low cost to combat H. Pylori infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T01:53:22Z","timestamp":1658109202000},"page":"4559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Synergistic Effect between Amoxicillin and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Reduced by Oak Gall Extract against Helicobacter pylori"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4494-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hany G.","family":"Attia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1902-2328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan A.","family":"Albarqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail G.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2237-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omaish","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5960-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A. EI","family":"Raey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakraborti, S., Bhattacharya, S., Chowdhury, R., and Chakrabarti, P. (2013). The molecular basis of inactivation of metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori using polyethyleneimine functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070776"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01262.x","article-title":"Amoxicillin and ampicillin are not transferred to gastric juice irrespective of Helicobacter pylori status or acid blockade by omeprazole","volume":"16","author":"Ortiz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. 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