{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:00:41Z","timestamp":1790143241016,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","award":["PNURSP2022R33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R33"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The goal of the research was to explore a new green method used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from an aqueous extract of Trigonella incise, which serves as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The obtained results showed an 85% yield of nanoparticles by using 2:5 (v\/v) of 5% plant extract with a 0.5 M solution of AgNO3. Different techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Ag NPs, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV\u2013visible spectroscopy. The UV\u2013visible spectra of green synthesized silver nanoparticles showed maximum absorption at a wavelength of 440 nm. The FT-IR studies revealed the stretching oscillation frequency of synthesized silver nanoparticles in the absorption band near 860 cm\u22121. Similarly, the bending and stretching oscillation frequencies of the NH function group were assigned to the band in the 3226 cm\u22121 and 1647 cm\u22121 regions. The bending vibration of C-O at 1159 cm\u22121 confirmed the carbonyl functional group that was also assigned to the small intensity band in the range of 2361 cm\u22121. The X-ray diffraction analysis of Ag NPs revealed four distinct diffraction peaks at 2\u03b8 of 38\u00b0, 45\u00b0, 65\u00b0 and 78\u00b0, corresponds to (111), (200), (220) and (311) of the face-centered cubic shape. The round shape morphology of Ag NPs with a mean diameter in the range 20\u201380 nm was analyzed via SEM images. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed more significant antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with an inhibition zone of 21.5 mm and 20.5 mm at 6 \u03bcg\/mL concentrations, respectively, once compared to the standard reference. At concentrations of 2 \u00b5g\/mL and 4 \u00b5g\/mL, all of the bacterial strains showed moderate activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 11 mm to 18.5 mm. Even at high concentrations of AgNPs, S. typhi showed maximum resistance. The best antifungal activity was observed by synthesized Ag NPs against Candida albicans (C. albicans) with 21 mm zone of inhibition, as compared to a standard drug which gives 22 mm of inhibition. Therefore, we conclude that the antibacterial and antifungal activities showed satisfactory results from the synthesized Ag NPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T03:34:40Z","timestamp":1658374480000},"page":"4618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Trigonella incise (Linn) Mediated Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Fozia","family":"Fozia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boichemistry Department, Khyber Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisar","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohra Aftab","family":"Buoharee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ijaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeeha","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2860-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riaz","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakeel","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9819-447X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5382-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akash","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5994033","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5994033","article-title":"Paraclostridium benzoelyticum Bacterium-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their In Vivo Multiple Biological Applications","volume":"2022","author":"Faisal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. 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