{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T01:15:59Z","timestamp":1786583759389,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Novel phosphorylated cardanol molecules based on phosphonate (PO3CR) and phosphate (PO4CR) functions were synthetized. Those molecules have two main actions which are described in this article: the reduction in volatile organic compounds (VOC) and the development of flame retardant (FR) properties conferred on alkyd resins used as coatings for wood specimen. Phosphorylated cardanol compounds have been successfully grafted by covalent bonds to alkyd resins thanks to an auto-oxidative reaction. The impact of the introduction of PO3CR and PO4CR on the film properties such as drying time and flexibility has been studied and the thermal and flame retardant properties through differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimeter. These studies underscored an increase in the thermal stability and FR properties of the alkyd resins. In the cone calorimeter test, the lowest pHRR was obtained with 3 wt% P of phosphate-cardanol and exhibited a value of 170 KW.m\u22122, which represented a decrease of almost 46% compared to the POxCR-free alkyd resins. Moreover, a difference in the mode of action between phosphonate and phosphate compounds has been highlighted. The most effective coating which combined excellent FR properties and good coating properties has been obtained with 2 wt% P of phosphate-cardanol. Indeed, the film properties were closed to the POxCR-free alkyd resin and the pHRR decreased by 41% compared to the reference alkyd resin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T04:04:00Z","timestamp":1659326640000},"page":"4880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Phosphorus Modified Cardanol: A Greener Route to Reduce VolaTile Organic Compounds and Impart Flame Retardant Properties to Alkyd Resin Coatings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4130-9106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxinne","family":"Denis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), 34000 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Lixol, Groupe Berkem, 20 Rue Jean Duvert, 33290 Blanquefort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8640-0838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Le Borgne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lixol, Groupe Berkem, 20 Rue Jean Duvert, 33290 Blanquefort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6487-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Sonnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3106-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Caillol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), 34000 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Totee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), 34000 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Negrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), 34000 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2011.01.014","article-title":"Alkyd Resins: From down and out to Alive and Kicking","volume":"73","author":"Hofland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. 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