{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T14:57:06Z","timestamp":1775833026898,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), one of the major metabolites of CUR, possesses several CUR-like pharmacological effects; however, its mechanisms of action are largely unknown. This manuscript aims to summarize the literature on the preventive role of THC on vascular dysfunction and the development of hypertension by exploring the effects of THC on hemodynamic status, aortic elasticity, and oxidative stress in vasculature in different animal models. We review the protective effects of THC against hypertension induced by heavy metals (cadmium and iron), as well as its impact on arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling. The effects of THC on angiogenesis in CaSki xenografted mice and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are well documented. On the other hand, as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound, THC is involved in enhancing homocysteine-induced mitochondrial remodeling in brain endothelial cells. The experimental evidence regarding the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction during cerebral ischemic\/reperfusion injury and the therapeutic potential of THC to alleviate mitochondrial cerebral dysmorphic dysfunction patterns is also scrutinized and explored. Overall, the studies on different animal models of disease suggest that THC can be used as a dietary supplement to protect against cardiovascular changes caused by various factors (such as heavy metal overload, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis). Additionally, the reviewed literature data seem to confirm THC\u2019s potential to improve mitochondrial dysfunction in cerebral vasculature during ischemic stroke through epigenetic mechanisms. We suggest that further preclinical studies should be implemented to demonstrate THC\u2019s vascular-protective, antiangiogenic, and anti-tumorigenic effects in humans. Applying the methods used in the presently reviewed studies would be useful and will help define the doses and methods of THC administration in various disease settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T05:43:57Z","timestamp":1660196637000},"page":"5100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Tetrahydrocurcumin-Related Vascular Protection: An Overview of the Findings from Animal Disease Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Division of Radiation Physics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, 6th City Clinical Hospital, 220037 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-6448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimiter","family":"Avtanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4498-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Hadzi-Petrushev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, \u201cSs. Cyril and Methodius\u201d University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vadim","family":"Mitrokhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitko","family":"Mladenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, \u201cSs. Cyril and Methodius\u201d University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-5559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.17221\/584\/2015-CJFS","article-title":"Curcumin and its allied analogues: Epigenetic and health perspectives\u2014A review","volume":"35","author":"Imran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Czech J. 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