{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:12:09Z","timestamp":1791655929528,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Egyptian Cultural Affairs and Missions sector, Ministry of Higher Education, Egypt"},{"name":"Open Access Fund of Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Averrhoa carambola L. is reported for its anti-obese and anti-diabetic activities. The present study aimed to investigate its aqueous methanol leaf extract (CLL) in vivo anti-obese activity along with the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds and their in vitro \u03b1-glucosidase inhibition assessment. CLL improved all obesity complications and exhibited significant activity in an obese rat model. Fourteen compounds, including four flavone glycosides (1\u20134) and ten dihydrochalcone glycosides (5\u201312), were isolated and identified using spectroscopic techniques. New compounds identified in planta included (1) apigenin 6-C-(2-deoxy-\u03b2-D-galactopyranoside)-7-O-\u03b2-D-quinovopyranoside, (8) phloretin 3\u2032-C-(2-O-(E)-cinnamoyl-3-O-\u03b2-D-fucopyranosyl-4-O-acetyl)-\u03b2-D-fucopyranosyl-6\u2032-O-\u03b2-D fucopyranosyl-(1\/2)-\u03b1-L arabinofuranoside, (11a) phloretin3\u2032-C-(2-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-3-O-\u03b2-D-fucosyl-4-O-acetyl)-\u03b2-D-fucosyl-6\u2032-O-(2-O-\u03b2-D-fucosyl)-\u03b1-L-arabinofuranoside, (11b) phloretin3\u2032-C-(2-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl-3-O-\u03b2-D-fucosyl-4-O-acetyl)-\u03b2-D-fucosyl-6\u2032-O-(2-O-\u03b2-D-fucosyl)-\u03b1-L-arabinofuranoside. Carambolaside M (5), carambolaside Ia (6), carambolaside J (7), carambolaside I (9), carambolaside P (10a), carambolaside O (10b), and carambolaside Q (12), which are reported for the first time from A. carambola L. leaves, whereas luteolin 6-C-\u03b1-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-\u03b2-D-fucopyranoside (2), apigenin 6-C-\u03b2-D-galactopyranoside (3), and apigenin 6-C-\u03b1-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-\u03b2-L-fucopyranoside (4) are isolated for the first time from Family. Oxalidaceae. In vitro \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed the potential efficacy of flavone glycosides, viz., 1, 2, 3, and 4 as antidiabetic agents. In contrast, dihydrochalcone glycosides (5\u201311) showed weak activity, except for compound 12, which showed relatively strong activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T03:33:20Z","timestamp":1660534400000},"page":"5159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Anti-Obesity Evaluation of Averrhoa carambola L. Leaves and Assessment of Its Polyphenols as Potential \u03b1-Glucosidase Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4912-8123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nehal S.","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil H.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed A.","family":"El-Toumy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0606-9378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doha Abdou","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab Abdel","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Sobhy","family":"Marzouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuba","family":"Esatbeyoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5139-1863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5960-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuniyoshi","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00293F","article-title":"Extensive Review of Popular Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals against Obesity and Its Related Complications with a Special Focus on Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"10","author":"Venkatakrishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.004","article-title":"Developmental Origin of Fat: Tracking Obesity to Its Source","volume":"131","author":"Gesta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"809","article-title":"Plants with Potential Use on Obesity and Its Complications","volume":"14","year":"2015","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx152","article-title":"Complications of Obesity","volume":"111","author":"Kinlen","year":"2018","journal-title":"QJM Int. 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