{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:26:21Z","timestamp":1782861981624,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia","award":["1059238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1059238"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia","award":["1175134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1175134"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia","award":["2010287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010287"]}]},{"name":"UTS","award":["1059238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1059238"]}]},{"name":"UTS","award":["1175134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1175134"]}]},{"name":"UTS","award":["2010287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010287"]}]},{"name":"Prevent Cancer Foundation and International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), USA","award":["1059238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1059238"]}]},{"name":"Prevent Cancer Foundation and International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), USA","award":["1175134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1175134"]}]},{"name":"Prevent Cancer Foundation and International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), USA","award":["2010287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010287"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L., Urticaceae) is commonly found in Asia, Africa, and Europe and has a long history of being used as food and traditional medicine. Recently, this plant is gaining attention as a highly nutritious food, where fresh leaves are dried and used as powder or in other forms. Leaves are rich in many bioactive compounds. This review aims to cover the traditional uses in food and medicine, as well as its nutritional composition, including its bioactive chemical constituents and reported food functional activities. Various bioactive chemical constituents have been isolated from stinging nettle to date, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acid, carotenoids, and fatty acids. Stinging nettle extracts and its compounds, such as rutin, kaempferol, and vitamin A, are also used for their nutritional properties and as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Future studies should focus on the proper formulation and stability testing of the functional foods containing stinging nettle and their detailed activities in clinical studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T03:15:27Z","timestamp":1660706127000},"page":"5219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Food Functional Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0509-1621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hari Prasad","family":"Devkota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan"},{"name":"Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3591-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keshav Raj","family":"Paudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0395-6521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shristi","family":"Khanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9442-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananda","family":"Baral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Panth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Adhikari-Devkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9486-4069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niraj Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6213-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niranjan","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Ramthakur College, Badharghat, Agartala 799003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3823-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachin Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5567-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh Kumar","family":"Chellappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7507-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Dua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"},{"name":"Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4741-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip M.","family":"Hansbro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001","article-title":"Discovery and Resupply of Pharmacologically Active Plant-Derived Natural Products: A Review","volume":"33","author":"Atanasov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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