{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:23:29Z","timestamp":1761157409282,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish and Italian state"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Environmental conditions present in mines generally are very favourable to decay; high temperature, high humidity, variable oxygen content, numerous metal-wood connections and the presence of a high content of inorganic compounds typical of mines have a significant impact on the biotic and abiotic degradation factors. The state of conservation of wooden artefacts from the Z\u0142oty Stok (Poland) gold mine was investigated using a multi-analytical approach. The aim was to select the conservation treatments that would stop decay and improve the conditions and dimensional stability of the wood. FT-IR and Py-GC\/MS were used to assess the state of preservation of lignocellulosic material. ED-XRF and SEM-EDS were used to determine\u2014and XRD to identify crystalline phases\u2014salts and minerals in the wood structure or efflorescence on the surface. Highly degraded lignocellulosic material that had undergone depolymerisation and oxidation was found to be severely contaminated by iron-based mineral substances, mainly pyrite, and in some cases greigite and magnetite. The presence of inorganic salts made it difficult to choose the best consolidating material to reduce the level of decay and improve the dimensional stability of the wood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T03:15:27Z","timestamp":1660706127000},"page":"5228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gold Mine Wooden Artefacts: Multianalytical Investigations for the Selection of Appropriate Consolidation Treatments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0336-8399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Fejfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Archaeological Museum in Biskupin, Biskupin 17, 88-410 G\u0105sawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7717-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeannette Jacqueline","family":"\u0141ucejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3714-1889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Miazga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeology, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Szewska 48, 50-139 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Cantisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Heritage Science\u2014National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Zborowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38\/42, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Dendrochronological dating of the Lusatian Culture settlement at Biskupin Poland-first results","volume":"14","year":"1993","journal-title":"News WARP"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Unger, A., Schniewind, A.P., and Unger, W. 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