{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:43:02Z","timestamp":1791690182366,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dimethyl carbonate is a generally used chemical substance which is environmentally sustainable in nature and used in a range of industrial applications as intermediate. Although various methods, including methanol phosgenation, transesterification and oxidative carbonylation of methanol, have been developed for large-scale industrial production of DMC, they are expensive, unsafe and use noxious raw materials. Green production of DMC from CO2 and methanol is the most appropriate and eco-friendly method. Numerous catalysts were studied and tested in this regard. The issues of low yield and difficulty in tests have not been resolved fundamentally, which is caused by the inherent problems of the synthetic pathway and limitations imposed by thermodynamics. Electron-assisted activation of CO2 and membrane reactors which can separate products in real-time giving a maximum yield of DMC are also being used in the quest to find more effective production method. In this review paper, we deeply addressed green production methods of DMC using Zr\/Ce\/Cu-based nanocomposites as catalysts. Moreover, the relationship between the structure and activity of catalysts, catalytic mechanisms, molecular activation and active sites identification of catalysts are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T23:48:58Z","timestamp":1661384938000},"page":"5417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["New Strategies on Green Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Carbon Dioxide and Methanol over Oxide Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yifei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shoaib","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Biochemical Engineering, SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petro-Chemicals, Dalian 116045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6649-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4554","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900393d","article-title":"Organic Carbonates as Solvents in Synthesis and Catalysis","volume":"110","author":"Verevkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. 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