{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:17:20Z","timestamp":1789082240925,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22005242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22005242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20200606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YCS21113113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YCS21113113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["22005242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22005242"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["20200606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200606"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["YCS21113113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YCS21113113"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Innovation Fund of Xi\u2019an Shiyou University","award":["22005242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22005242"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Innovation Fund of Xi\u2019an Shiyou University","award":["20200606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200606"]}]},{"name":"Graduate Innovation Fund of Xi\u2019an Shiyou University","award":["YCS21113113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YCS21113113"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phenol is an important chemical material that is widely used in industry. Currently, phenol is dominantly produced by the well-known three-step cumene process, which suffers from severe drawbacks. Therefore, developing a green, sustainable, and economical strategy for the production of phenol directly from benzene is urgently needed. In recent years, the photocatalytic hydroxylation of benzene to phenol, which is economically feasible and could be performed under mild conditions, has attracted more attention, and development of highly efficient photocatalyst would be a key issue in this field. In this review, we systematically introduce the recent achievements of photocatalytic hydroxylation of benzene to phenol from 2015 to mid-2022, and various heterogeneous photocatalysts are comprehensively reviewed, including semiconductors, polyoxometalates (POMs), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), metal\u2013organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon materials, and some other types of photocatalysts. Much effort is focused on the physical and chemical approaches for modification of these photocatalysts. The challenges and future promising directions for further enhancing the catalytic performances in photocatalytic hydroxylation of benzene are discussed in the end.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T02:04:32Z","timestamp":1661479472000},"page":"5457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Recent Advances in the Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0303-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of phenol\/formaldehyde nanocomposites: Studying the effect of incorporating reactive rubber nanoparticles or Cloisite-30B nanoclay on the mechanical properties, morphology and thermal stability","volume":"10","author":"Solyman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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