{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:19:20Z","timestamp":1791551960601,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","award":["20210518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210518"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The absence of a treatment efficient in the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus requires more functional products to assist treatment. Luteolin (LU) and diosmin (DIO) have been known as bioactive molecules with potential for the treatment of diabetes. This work aimed to establish the role that a combination of LU and DIO in selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) played in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetes mice. Green synthesis of Se NPs was performed by mixing luteolin and diosmin with the solution of Na2SeO3 under continuous stirring conditions resulting in the flavonoids conjugated with SeNPs. The existence of flavonoids on the surface of SeNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and DLS graphs via Zetasizer. The average diameter of GA\/LU\/DIO-SeNPs was 47.84 nm with a PDI of \u22120.208, a zeta potential value of \u221217.6, a Se content of 21.5% with an encapsulation efficiency of flavonoids of 86.1%, and can be stabilized by gum Arabic for approximately 175 days without any aggregation and precipitation observed at this time. Furthermore, The C57BL\/6 mice were treated with STZ induced-diabetes and were exposed to LU\/DIO, SeNPs, and GA\/LU\/DIO-SeNPs for six weeks. The treatment by nanospheres (GA\/LU\/DIO-SeNPs) in the mice with diabetes for a period of 6 weeks restored their blood glucose, lipid profile, glycogen, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin levels. At the same time, there were significant changes in body weight, food intake, and water intake compared with the STZ- untreated induced diabetic mice. Moreover, the GA\/LU\/DIO-SeNPs showed good antioxidant activity examined by catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver and kidney and can prevent the damage in the liver evaluated by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. The nanospheres exhibited a significant anti-diabetic activity with a synergistic effect between the selenium and flavonoids. This investigation provides novel SeNPs nanospheres prepared by a high-efficiency strategy for incorporating luteolin and diosmin to improve the efficiency in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:19:01Z","timestamp":1662077941000},"page":"5642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Evaluation of Diabetes Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Mixture of Luteolin and Diosmin on Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Rosa","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07708, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0133-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro An\u00e1huac de Investigaci\u00f3n en Psicolog\u00eda, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda Universidad An\u00e1huac, Av. Universidad An\u00e1huac 46, Huixquilucan Edo., Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 52786, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1303-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Urby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab. de Microscop\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica de Transmisi\u00f3n, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro-Nanotecnolog\u00edas (CNMN), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8812-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07708, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro An\u00e1huac de Investigaci\u00f3n en Psicolog\u00eda, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda Universidad An\u00e1huac, Av. Universidad An\u00e1huac 46, Huixquilucan Edo., Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 52786, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04634","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance","volume":"440","author":"Houstis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi.127.1747","article-title":"Lipids behavior and adverse effects for oral anti-diabetic agents in patients with type2 diabetes treated with sulfonylureas alone based on systematic review","volume":"127","author":"Mukai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Yakugaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12117","article-title":"Hepatoselectivity and the evolution of insulin","volume":"16","author":"Herring","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. 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