{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:28:45Z","timestamp":1778621325692,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre, Warsaw, Poland","award":["UMO-2018\/30\/E\/ST8\/00642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2018\/30\/E\/ST8\/00642"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study, the extracts of Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L using both traditional solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol\/water, and water) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were investigated in terms of their total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitive properties. The extracts were found to possess total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the ranges of 26.47\u2013186.13 mg GAE\/g and 0.68\u201312.55 mg RE\/g, respectively. Higher total phenolic contents were obtained for NADES extracts. Compositional differences were reported in relation to antioxidant potential studied by several assays (DPPH: 70.19\u2013939.35 mg TE\/g, ABTS: 172.56\u20134026.50 mg TE\/g; CUPRAC: 97.41\u20131730.38 mg TE\/g, FRAP: 84.11\u20131534.85 mg TE\/g). Application of NADESs (choline chloride\u2014urea 1:2, a so-called Reline) allowed one to obtain the highest number of extracts having antioxidant potential in the radical scavenging and reducing assays. NADES-B (protonated by HCl L-proline-xylitol 5:1) was the only extractant from the studied solvents that isolated a specific fraction without chelating activity. Reline extract exhibited the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition compared to NADES-B and NADES-C (protonated by H2SO4 L-proline-xylitol 5:1) extracts, which showed no inhibition. The NADES extracts were observed to have higher tyrosinase inhibitory properties compared to extracts obtained by traditional organic solvents. Furthermore, the NADES extracts were relatively better inhibitors of the diabetic enzymes. These findings provided an interesting comparison in terms of total polyphenolic content yields, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties (cholinesterase, amylase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase) between traditional solvent extracts and NADES extracts, used as an alternative. While the organic solvents showed better antioxidant activity, the NADES extracts were found to have some other improved properties, such as higher total phenolic content and enzyme-inhibiting properties, suggesting functional prospects for their use in phytonutrient extraction and fractionation. The obtained results could also be used to give a broad overview of the different biological potentials of C. hypocistis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T01:40:13Z","timestamp":1662601213000},"page":"5788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Cytinus hypocistis\u2014Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS Profiles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokhan","family":"Zengin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2613-4889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda de la Luz","family":"C\u00e1diz-Gurrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9589-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Leyva-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"},{"name":"Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Area of Food Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5564-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Segura","family":"Carretero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malwina","family":"Momotko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11\/12, 80-0233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evren","family":"Yildiztugay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Refik","family":"Karatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharmeen","family":"Jugreet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, R\u00e9duit 80837, Mauritius"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3962-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad Fawzi","family":"Mahomoodally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, R\u00e9duit 80837, Mauritius"},{"name":"Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai 600077, India"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5874-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Boczkaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11\/12, 80-0233 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11\/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanjust, E., and Rinaldi, A.C. (2021). Cytinus under the Microscope: Disclosing the Secrets of a Parasitic Plant. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10010146"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zucca, P., Pintus, M., Manzo, G., Nieddu, M., Steri, D., and Rinaldi, A.C. (2015). Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties of extracts of the Mediterranean parasitic plant Cytinus hypocistis. BMC Res. Notes, 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1546-5"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maisetta, G., Batoni, G., Caboni, P., Esin, S., Rinaldi, A.C., and Zucca, P. (2019). 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