{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:29:20Z","timestamp":1771846160631,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2021A1515011583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011583"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2018B1116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B1116"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2020KJJH010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KJJH010"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program for Public Welfare of the Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China","award":["2021A1515011583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011583"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program for Public Welfare of the Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China","award":["2018B1116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B1116"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program for Public Welfare of the Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China","award":["2020KJJH010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KJJH010"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program of the Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, China","award":["2021A1515011583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011583"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program of the Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, China","award":["2018B1116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B1116"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Program of the Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, China","award":["2020KJJH010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020KJJH010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A batch experiment was conducted to examine the behavior of nitrate, organic ligands, and phosphate in the co-presence of biochar and three common low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs). The results show that citrate, oxalate, and malate ions competed with nitrate ion for the available adsorption sites on the biochar surfaces. The removal rate of LMWOA ligands by the biochar via adsorption grew with increasing solution pH. The adsorbed divalent organic ligands created negatively charged sites to allow binding of cationic metal nitrate complexes. A higher degree of biochar surface protonation does not necessarily enhance nitrate adsorption. More acidic conditions formed under a higher dose of LMWOAs tended to make organic ligands predominantly in monovalent forms and failed to create negatively charged sites to bind cationic metal nitrate complexes. This could adversely affect nitrate removal efficiency in the investigated systems. LMWOAs caused significant release of phosphate from the biochar. The phosphate in the malic acid treatment tended to decrease over time, while the opposite was observed in the citric- and oxalic-acid treatments. This was caused by re-immobilization of phosphate in the former due to the marked increase in solution pH over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T09:51:09Z","timestamp":1662630669000},"page":"5811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Behaviors of Organic Ligands and Phosphate during Biochar-Driven Nitrate Adsorption in the Presence of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Wenming","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen 529000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College, Jiangmen 529000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jidong","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuxia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8225","DOI":"10.1021\/es200779e","article-title":"Tracking nonpoint source nitrogen pollution in human-impacted watersheds","volume":"45","author":"Kaushal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. 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