{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:33:35Z","timestamp":1790793215600,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advanced drug delivery micro- and nanosystems have been widely explored due to their appealing specificity\/selectivity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. They can be applied for the targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals, with the benefits of good biocompatibility\/stability, non-immunogenicity, large surface area, high drug loading capacity, and low leakage of drugs. Cardiovascular diseases, as one of the primary mortalities cause worldwide with significant impacts on the quality of patients\u2019 life, comprise a variety of heart and circulatory system pathologies, such as peripheral vascular diseases, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and coronary artery diseases. Designing novel micro- and nanosystems with suitable targeting properties and smart release behaviors can help circumvent crucial challenges of the tolerability, low stability, high toxicity, and possible side- and off-target effects of conventional drug delivery routes. To overcome different challenging issues, namely physiological barriers, low efficiency of drugs, and possible adverse side effects, various biomaterials-mediated drug delivery systems have been formulated with reduced toxicity, improved pharmacokinetics, high bioavailability, sustained release behavior, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy for targeted therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the existing drug delivery systems encompassing a variety of biomaterials for treating cardiovascular diseases, the number of formulations currently approved for clinical use is limited due to the regulatory and experimental obstacles. Herein, the most recent advancements in drug delivery micro- and nanosystems designed from different biomaterials for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases are deliberated, with a focus on the important challenges and future perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T01:44:03Z","timestamp":1663033443000},"page":"5843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Advanced Drug Delivery Micro- and Nanosystems for Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3985-7928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siavash","family":"Iravani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9731-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajender S.","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palack\u00fd University in Olomouc, \u0160lechtitel\u016f 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC00734J","article-title":"Eco-friendly and sustainable synthesis of biocompatible nanomaterials for diagnostic imaging: Current challenges and future perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Iravani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2021.1886301","article-title":"Carbon-based nanomaterials for targeted cancer nanotherapy: Recent trends and future prospects","volume":"29","author":"Sajjadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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