{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T22:32:58Z","timestamp":1788042778029,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008809","name":"University of Hail","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-20069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-20069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work was undertaken to explore the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and enzyme-inhibiting properties of Neurada procumbens L. extracts\/fractions of varying polarity (methanol extract and its fractions including n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions). A preliminary phytochemical study of all extracts\/fractions, HPLC-PDA polyphenolic quantification, and GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane fraction were used to identify the phytochemical makeup. Antioxidant (DPPH), enzyme inhibition (against xanthine oxidase, carbonic anhydrase, and urease enzymes), and antibacterial activities against seven bacterial strains were performed for biological investigation. The GC-MS analysis revealed the tentative identification of 22 distinct phytochemicals in the n-hexane fraction, the majority of which belonged to the phenol, flavonoid, sesquiterpenoid, terpene, fatty acid, sterol, and triterpenoid classes of secondary metabolites. HPLC-PDA analysis quantified syringic acid, 3-OH benzoic acid, t-ferullic acid, naringin, and epicatechin in a significant amount. All of the studied extracts\/fractions displayed significant antioxidant capability, with methanol extract exhibiting the highest radical-scavenging activity, as measured by an inhibitory percentage of 81.4 \u00b1 0.7 and an IC50 value of 1.3 \u00b1 0.3. For enzyme inhibition experiments, the n-hexane fraction was shown to be highly potent against xanthine oxidase and urease enzymes, with respective IC50 values of 2.3 \u00b1 0.5 and 1.1 \u00b1 0.4 mg\/mL. Similarly, the methanol extract demonstrated the strongest activity against the carbonic anhydrase enzyme, with an IC50 value of 2.2 \u00b1 0.4 mg\/mL. Moreover, all the studied extracts\/fractions presented moderate antibacterial potential against seven bacterial strains. Molecular docking of the five molecules \u03b2-amyrin, campesterol, ergosta-4,6,22-trien-3\u03b2-ol, stigmasterol, and caryophyllene revealed the interaction of these ligands with the investigated enzyme (xanthine oxidase). The results of the present study suggested that the N. procumbens plant may be evaluated as a possible source of bioactive compounds with multifunctional therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T01:44:03Z","timestamp":1663033443000},"page":"5849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multifaced Assessment of Antioxidant Power, Phytochemical Metabolomics, In-Vitro Biological Potential and In-Silico Studies of Neurada procumbens L.: An Important Medicinal Plant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Umair","family":"Khurshid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammad","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arslan Hussain","family":"LodhI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Pervaiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Chenab, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsin Abbas","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9240-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haroon","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8852-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulwahab","family":"AlamrI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5247-6356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukhtar","family":"AnsarI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0840-825X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"LocatellI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University \u2018G. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Adeel","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Asif","family":"Wazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juwairiya","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0926-2790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirajudheen","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00007","article-title":"Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of traditionally used Romanian Ajuga laxmannii (Murray) Benth.(\u201cNobleman\u2019s Beard\u201d\u2013Barba \u00cemp\u0103ratului)","volume":"9","author":"Toiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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