{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:10:32Z","timestamp":1792789832980,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["S10OD028523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD028523"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["DMR-1933525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1933525"]}]},{"name":"GlycoMIP","award":["S10OD028523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD028523"]}]},{"name":"GlycoMIP","award":["DMR-1933525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1933525"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation Materials Innovation Platform funded through Cooperative Agreement","award":["S10OD028523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD028523"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation Materials Innovation Platform funded through Cooperative Agreement","award":["DMR-1933525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1933525"]}]},{"name":"New York State Biodefense Commercialization Fund","award":["S10OD028523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD028523"]}]},{"name":"New York State Biodefense Commercialization Fund","award":["DMR-1933525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1933525"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, has begun to spread into many countries worldwide. While the prevalence of monkeypox in Central and Western Africa is well-known, the recent rise in the number of cases spread through intimate personal contact, particularly in the United States, poses a grave international threat. Previous studies have shown that cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS) is important for vaccinia virus (VACV) infection, particularly the binding of VACV A27, which appears to mediate the binding of virus to cellular HS. Some other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) also bind to proteins on Orthopoxviruses. In this study, by using surface plasmon resonance, we demonstrated that MPXV A29 protein (a homolog of VACV A27) binds to GAGs including heparin and chondroitin sulfate\/dermatan sulfate. The negative charges on GAGs are important for GAG\u2013MPXV A29 interaction. GAG analogs, pentosan polysulfate and mucopolysaccharide polysulfate, show strong inhibition of MPXV A29\u2013heparin interaction. A detailed understanding on the molecular interactions involved in this disease should accelerate the development of therapeutics and drugs for the treatment of MPXV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T01:44:03Z","timestamp":1663033443000},"page":"5898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Kinetic and Structural Aspects of Glycosaminoglycan\u2013Monkeypox Virus Protein A29 Interactions Using Surface Plasmon Resonance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3404-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deling","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7549-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0151-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuefan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuihong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Linhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Dordick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianli","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2803-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, August 18). 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak Global Map, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/poxvirus\/monkeypox\/response\/2022\/world-map.html."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, August 18). 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