{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:23:46Z","timestamp":1790115826851,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":194,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project","award":["LGF19H040010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF19H040010"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project","award":["481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["481"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project","award":["Q21A0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q21A0006"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project","award":["31801207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31801207"]}]},{"name":"Starting Research Foundation of the Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","award":["LGF19H040010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF19H040010"]}]},{"name":"Starting Research Foundation of the Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","award":["481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["481"]}]},{"name":"Starting Research Foundation of the Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","award":["Q21A0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q21A0006"]}]},{"name":"Starting Research Foundation of the Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","award":["31801207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31801207"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the Top-Notch Youth Talent Cultivation Project of Independent Design Project of National Clinical Research Center for Child Health","award":["LGF19H040010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF19H040010"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the Top-Notch Youth Talent Cultivation Project of Independent Design Project of National Clinical Research Center for Child Health","award":["481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["481"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the Top-Notch Youth Talent Cultivation Project of Independent Design Project of National Clinical Research Center for Child Health","award":["Q21A0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q21A0006"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for the Top-Notch Youth Talent Cultivation Project of Independent Design Project of National Clinical Research Center for Child Health","award":["31801207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31801207"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGF19H040010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF19H040010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Q21A0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q21A0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31801207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31801207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding single-stranded RNAs that modulate the expression of various target genes after transcription. The expression and distribution of kinds of miRNAs have been characterized in human placenta during different gestational stages. The identified miRNAs are recognized as key mediators in the regulation of placental development and in the maintenance of human pregnancy. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is associated with compromised pregnancies in humans, and dysregulation of those miRNAs contributes to the occurrence and development of related diseases during pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Thus, having a better understanding of the expression and functions of miRNAs in human placenta during pregnancy and thereby developing novel drugs targeting the miRNAs could be a potentially promising method in the prevention and treatment of relevant diseases in future. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the expression pattern and function regulation of miRNAs in human placental development and related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T22:37:28Z","timestamp":1663108648000},"page":"5943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Micro-RNAs in Human Placenta: Tiny Molecules, Immense Power"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Meiyuan","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6154-762X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00739-y","article-title":"Emerging role of non-coding RNA in health and disease","volume":"36","author":"Bhatti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90529-Y","article-title":"The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/35002607","article-title":"The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"403","author":"Reinhart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.07.011","article-title":"Extracellular miRNAs: From Biomarkers to Mediators of Physiology and Disease","volume":"30","author":"Mori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2021.1899491","article-title":"Recent advances in the regulation of plant miRNA biogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Do, D.N., Dudemaine, P.L., Mathur, M., Suravajhala, P., Zhao, X., and Ibeagha-Awemu, E.M. (2021). miRNA Regulatory Functions in Farm Animal Diseases, and Biomarker Potentials for Effective Therapies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063080"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx316","article-title":"Bimodal Evolutionary Developmental miRNA Program in Animal Embryogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Avital","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev163428","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.163428","article-title":"Development of the human placenta","volume":"146","author":"Turco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00306","article-title":"The Mitochondrion as Potential Interface in Early-Life Stress Brain Programming","volume":"12","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2015.01.004","article-title":"Hedgehog signaling stimulates the conversion of cholesterol to steroids","volume":"27","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO04082K","article-title":"Leucine supplementation during late gestation globally alters placental metabolism and nutrient transport via modulation of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway in sows","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20354","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013559117","article-title":"Role of Hippo signaling pathway in early placental development","volume":"117","author":"Soncin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"3903","article-title":"Expression of steroidogenic enzymes in human placenta according to the gestational age","volume":"19","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, O.S., Ragos, R., Wong, M.K., Adam, M., Cheung, A., and Raha, S. (2020). Reactive oxygen species from mitochondria impacts trophoblast fusion and the production of endocrine hormones by syncytiotrophoblasts. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229332"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14476","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14476","article-title":"Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol disrupts mitochondrial function and attenuates syncytialization in human placental BeWo cells","volume":"8","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2021.07.014","article-title":"Human HAND1 Inhibits the Conversion of Cholesterol to Steroids in Trophoblasts","volume":"49","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat6114","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aat6114","article-title":"Immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"4","author":"Ander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.11.1356","article-title":"The etiology of preeclampsia","volume":"226","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1315","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00071.2020","article-title":"Preeclampsia beyond pregnancy: Long-term consequences for mother and child","volume":"318","author":"Turbeville","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2013Obstetrics and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (2019). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 204: Fetal Growth Restriction. Obstet. Gynecol., 133, e97\u2013e109.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003070"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-021-00810-z","article-title":"The limits of small-for-gestational-age as a high-risk category","volume":"36","author":"Wilcox","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13195","article-title":"Global burden of preterm birth","volume":"150","author":"Walani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.05.001","article-title":"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"48","author":"Szmuilowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"CD013792","article-title":"Progestogens for preventing miscarriage: A network meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Devall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2021-0055","article-title":"High-throughput miRNA sequencing of the human placenta: Expression throughout gestation","volume":"13","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5157","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02693","article-title":"miRNA Profiles in Extracellular Vesicles From Serum Early in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"104","author":"Gillet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.12.026","article-title":"Genes, epigenetics and miRNA regulation in the placenta","volume":"52","author":"Vaiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D155","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1141","article-title":"miRBase: From microRNA sequences to function","volume":"47","author":"Kozomara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshida, T., Asano, Y., and Ui-Tei, K. (2021). Modulation of MicroRNA Processing by Dicer via Its Associated dsRNA Binding Proteins. Non-Coding RNA, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna7030057"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27486","article-title":"An overview of microRNAs: Biology, functions, therapeutics, and analysis methods","volume":"234","author":"Saliminejad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.28029","article-title":"Biogenesis and mechanisms of microRNA-mediated gene regulation","volume":"119","author":"Rani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker, M.P., Peterson, K.R., and Slawson, C. (2021). O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAc Cycling Regulate Gene Transcription: Emerging Roles in Cancer. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071666"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5737","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky306","article-title":"Dicer cleaves 5\u2032-extended microRNA precursors originating from RNA polymerase II transcription start sites","volume":"46","author":"Sheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14346","article-title":"Primary transcripts of microRNAs encode regulatory peptides","volume":"520","author":"Lauressergues","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23725","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23725","article-title":"PI3 kinase signaling pathway in hematopoietic cancers: A glance in miRNA\u2019s role","volume":"35","author":"Roshandel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.11.191","article-title":"Tankyrase promotes primary precursor miRNA processing to precursor miRNA","volume":"522","author":"Mizutani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.31768\/2312-8852.2018.40(1):2-9","article-title":"Role of components of microRNA machinery in carcinogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Kian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.068692.118","article-title":"Post-transcriptional control of miRNA biogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Michlewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0345-y","article-title":"An ARF6-Exportin-5 axis delivers pre-miRNA cargo to tumour microvesicles","volume":"21","author":"Clancy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-019-9870-x","article-title":"Import of human miRNA-RISC complex into Plasmodium falciparum and regulation of the parasite gene expression","volume":"44","author":"Dandewad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2174\/2211536607666180129153307","article-title":"Technology of RNA Interference in Advanced Medicine","volume":"7","author":"Abedini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microrna"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0045-7","article-title":"Regulation of microRNA function in animals","volume":"20","author":"Gebert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correia de Sousa, M., Gjorgjieva, M., Dolicka, D., Sobolewski, C., and Foti, M. (2019). Deciphering miRNAs\u2019 Action through miRNA Editing. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246249"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3838","article-title":"Regulation of microRNA biogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Ha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1161","article-title":"Validation of human microRNA target pathways enables evaluation of target prediction tools","volume":"49","author":"Kern","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2021.166166","article-title":"Mutations in cis that affect mRNA synthesis, processing and translation","volume":"1867","author":"Roos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173507","article-title":"MicroRNA interplay between hepatic stellate cell quiescence and activation","volume":"885","author":"Ezhilarasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58336-5","article-title":"miRgo: Integrating various off-the-shelf tools for identification of microRNA-target interactions by heterogeneous features and a novel evaluation indicator","volume":"10","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moser, G., Guettler, J., Forstner, D., and Gauster, M. (2019). Maternal Platelets-Friend or Foe of the Human Placenta?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225639"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03104-6","article-title":"Human placenta and trophoblast development: Key molecular mechanisms and model systems","volume":"76","author":"Knofler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2021.07.008","article-title":"Human embryonic development: From peri-implantation to gastrulation","volume":"32","author":"Zhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.01.006","article-title":"Syncytins expressed in human placental trophoblast","volume":"113","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2022.01.006","article-title":"Emerging in vitro platforms and omics technologies for studying the endometrium and early embryo-maternal interface in humans","volume":"125","author":"Popovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-77360-1_11","article-title":"Placentation in the Human and Higher Primates","volume":"234","author":"Burton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab015","article-title":"Cell dynamics in human villous trophoblast","volume":"27","author":"Aplin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev199749","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.199749","article-title":"Characterization of primary models of human trophoblast","volume":"148","author":"Sheridan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05697-x","article-title":"Characterizing placental stiffness using ultrasound shear-wave elastography in healthy and preeclamptic pregnancies","volume":"302","author":"Spiliopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85686-1_2","article-title":"Insights into the Regulation of Implantation and Placentation in Humans, Rodents, Sheep, and Pigs","volume":"1354","author":"Stenhouse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12859","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12859","article-title":"Obesity and regulation of human placental lactogen production in pregnancy","volume":"32","author":"Cattini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642392","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.642392","article-title":"Crosstalk Between Trophoblasts and Decidual Immune Cells: The Cornerstone of Maternal-Fetal Immunotolerance","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev181263","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.181263","article-title":"Low oxygen enhances trophoblast column growth by potentiating differentiation of the extravillous lineage and promoting LOX activity","volume":"147","author":"Treissman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.11.004","article-title":"From stem cells to spiral arteries: A journey through early placental development","volume":"125","author":"James","year":"2022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00212-8","article-title":"Regulation of Uterine Spiral Artery Remodeling: A Review","volume":"27","author":"Albrecht","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1578745","article-title":"Early development of the human placenta and pregnancy complications","volume":"33","author":"Haram","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-149724","article-title":"MiR-205 silences MED1 in hypoxic primary human trophoblasts","volume":"24","author":"Mouillet","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2019.0264","article-title":"Diagnostic Potential of MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in the Detection of Preeclampsia","volume":"24","author":"Hornakova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet. Test. Mol. Biomark."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.02.019","article-title":"Expression profiling of maternal plasma and placenta microRNAs in preeclamptic pregnancies by microarray technology","volume":"52","author":"Gunel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1051","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3131","article-title":"Preeclampsia up-regulates angiogenesis-associated microRNA (i.e., miR-17, -20a, and -20b) that target ephrin-B2 and EPHB4 in human placenta","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.078694.121","article-title":"A noncanonical microRNA derived from the snaR-A noncoding RNA targets a metastasis inhibitor","volume":"27","author":"Stribling","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5268","article-title":"Placental microRNA expression in pregnancies complicated by superimposed preeclampsia on chronic hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Vashukova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201700620","article-title":"Synthetic Oligosaccharide Libraries and Microarray Technology: A Powerful Combination for the Success of Current Glycosaminoglycan Interactomics","volume":"13","author":"Pomin","year":"2018","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1170-8_2","article-title":"Experimental MicroRNA Detection Methods","volume":"2257","author":"Yaylak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2017.04.007","article-title":"Identification and characterization of known and novel microRNAs in three tissues of Chinese giant salamander base on deep sequencing approach","volume":"109","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R259","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0603","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Crucial regulators of placental development","volume":"155","author":"Hayder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.11.017","article-title":"Elsevier Trophoblast Research Award Lecture: Origin, evolution and future of placenta miRNAs","volume":"35","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.05.009","article-title":"MicroRNA expression profiles of trophoblastic cells","volume":"33","author":"Chaiwangyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-00658-7","article-title":"Pathophysiological implications of hypoxia in human diseases","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X.Q., and Zhang, L. (2021). Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030405"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00735","article-title":"Recent Advances in Placenta-Heart Interactions","volume":"9","author":"Maslen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F53","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-20-0153","article-title":"Hypoxia and Reproductive Health: Oxygen and development of the human placenta","volume":"161","author":"Burton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2071459","article-title":"The role of miRNA-210 in pre-eclampsia development","volume":"54","author":"Jaszczuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108836","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced microRNA-141 regulates trophoblast apoptosis, invasion, and vascularization by blocking CXCL12beta\/CXCR2\/4 signal transduction","volume":"116","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2017.04.005","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible microRNA-218 inhibits trophoblast invasion by targeting LASP1: Implications for preeclampsia development","volume":"87","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2020.08.002","article-title":"Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta","volume":"7","author":"Addo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, A., Hadlich, F., Abbas, M.W., Iqbal, M.A., Tesfaye, D., Bouma, G.J., Winger, Q.A., and Ponsuksili, S. (2021). MicroRNA-mRNA Networks in Pregnancy Complications: A Comprehensive Downstream Analysis of Potential Biomarkers. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052313"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2020-0062","article-title":"A role for microRNAs in the epigenetic control of sexually dimorphic gene expression in the human placenta","volume":"12","author":"Eaves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118770550","article-title":"Maternal Phthalate and Personal Care Products Exposure Alters Extracellular Placental miRNA Profile in Twin Pregnancies","volume":"26","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00038","article-title":"Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Increases Oxidative Stress Responsive miRNAs in First Trimester Placental Cell Line HTR8\/SVneo","volume":"29","author":"Meruvu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2015.11.010","article-title":"Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces apoptosis through miR-16 in human first trimester placental cell line HTR-8\/SVneo","volume":"31","author":"Meruvu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2010.04.004","article-title":"Bisphenol A exposure leads to specific microRNA alterations in placental cells","volume":"29","author":"Veiga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408409","article-title":"First-Trimester Urine Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolites and Phenols and Placenta miRNA Expression in a Cohort of U.S. Women","volume":"124","author":"LaRocca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3595","article-title":"Emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in the toxicology of environmental chemicals","volume":"38","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2019.01.024","article-title":"The roles of microRNAs in epigenetic regulation","volume":"51","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq272","article-title":"The primate-specific microRNA gene cluster (C19MC) is imprinted in the placenta","volume":"19","author":"Lefevre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0450-9","article-title":"Methylation of the C19MC microRNA locus in the placenta: Association with maternal and chilhood body size","volume":"44","author":"Bassols","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2021-0568","article-title":"Role of miRNA polymorphism in recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Srivastava","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomark Med."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06663-5","article-title":"Study of association between different microRNA variants and the risk of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"306","author":"Ezat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697947","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.697947","article-title":"Coordinated Expressional Landscape of the Human Placental miRNome and Transcriptome","volume":"9","author":"Inno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.09.069","article-title":"Transgenic expression of human C19MC miRNAs impacts placental morphogenesis","volume":"101","author":"Mouillet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.203489","article-title":"MicroRNA-376c impairs transforming growth factor-beta and nodal signaling to promote trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion","volume":"61","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"3124","article-title":"MicroRNA-378a-5p promotes trophoblast cell survival, migration and invasion by targeting Nodal","volume":"125","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-020-01548-3","article-title":"The expression of miRNA encoded by C19MC and miR-371-3 strongly varies among individual placentas but does not differ between spontaneous and induced abortions","volume":"258","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.03.006","article-title":"Dicer-dependent miRNAs provide an endogenous restraint on cytotrophoblast proliferation","volume":"33","author":"Forbes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4422","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14335","article-title":"miRNA-210-3p regulates trophoblast proliferation and invasiveness through fibroblast growth factor 1 in selective intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1769394","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-mediated transfer of microRNA-133b boosts trophoblast cell proliferation, migration and invasion in preeclampsia by restricting SGK1","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00100","article-title":"miR-518b Enhances Human Trophoblast Cell Proliferation Through Targeting Rap1b and Activating Ras-MAPK Signal","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.07.012","article-title":"MicroRNA-155 inhibits proliferation and migration of human extravillous trophoblast derived HTR-8\/SVneo cells via down-regulating cyclin D1","volume":"33","author":"Dai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.07.001","article-title":"Potential role of microRNA-424 in regulating ERRgamma to suppress trophoblast proliferation and invasion in fetal growth restriction","volume":"83","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1443-2","article-title":"MicroRNA-184 promotes apoptosis of trophoblast cells via targeting WIG1 and induces early spontaneous abortion","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-019-00003-w","article-title":"MiR-93 Inhibits Trophoblast Cell Proliferation and Promotes Cell Apoptosis by Targeting BCL2L2 in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsubara, K., Matsubara, Y., Uchikura, Y., Takagi, K., Yano, A., and Sugiyama, T. (2021). HMGA1 Is a Potential Driver of Preeclampsia Pathogenesis by Interference with Extravillous Trophoblasts Invasion. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11060822"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2021.01.012","article-title":"Molecular and immunological developments in placentas","volume":"82","author":"Nakashima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, M., Chen, H., Liu, J., Tong, C., and Meng, T. (2015). MicroRNA-34a inhibits human trophoblast cell invasion by targeting MYC. BMC Cell Biol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-015-0068-2"},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"2262","article-title":"MicroRNA-27a inhibits trophoblast cell migration and invasion by targeting SMAD2: Potential role in preeclampsia","volume":"20","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13560","article-title":"MiRNA-320a inhibits trophoblast cell invasion by targeting estrogen-related receptor-gamma","volume":"44","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.10.015","article-title":"MicroRNA-431 affects trophoblast migration and invasion by targeting ZEB1 in preeclampsia","volume":"683","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.568","article-title":"MicroRNA-30a-3p is overexpressed in the placentas of patients with preeclampsia and affects trophoblast invasion and apoptosis by its effects on IGF-1","volume":"218","author":"Niu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-002-0403-5","article-title":"Serum-dependent effects of IGF-I and insulin on proliferation and invasion of human first trimester trophoblast cell models","volume":"117","author":"Mandl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6281","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801898RR","article-title":"Unveiling the role of microRNA-7 in linking TGF-beta-Smad-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition with negative regulation of trophoblast invasion","volume":"33","author":"Shih","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.05.052","article-title":"MicroRNA-204 suppresses trophoblast-like cell invasion by targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9","volume":"463","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.04.055","article-title":"MicroRNA-135b suppresses extravillous trophoblast-derived HTR-8\/SVneo cell invasion by directly down regulating CXCL12 under low oxygen conditions","volume":"461","author":"Tamaru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8839","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29727","article-title":"SIRT3 deficiency is resistant to autophagy-dependent ferroptosis by inhibiting the AMPK\/mTOR pathway and promoting GPX4 levels","volume":"235","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.08.005","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha suppresses the invasion of HTR-8\/SVneo trophoblast cells through microRNA-145-5p-mediated downregulation of Cyr61","volume":"209","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00817-x","article-title":"MicroRNA-3935 promotes human trophoblast cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition through tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6\/regulator of G protein signaling 2 axis","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12504","article-title":"Exosomal microRNA302a promotes trophoblast migration and proliferation, and represses angiogenesis by regulating the expression levels of VEGFA in preeclampsia","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313276","article-title":"Preeclampsia: Pathophysiology, Challenges, and Perspectives","volume":"124","author":"Rana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00973","article-title":"Preeclampsia: Novel Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"9","author":"Armaly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7546","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20197546","article-title":"Differential expression of microRNA-411 and 376c is associated with hypertension in pregnancy","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000656","article-title":"Differential expression of microRNA-206 and its target genes in preeclampsia","volume":"33","author":"Akehurst","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1508439","article-title":"Regulatory effect of miR-195 in the placental dysfunction of preeclampsia","volume":"33","author":"Gunel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.07.002","article-title":"MIR-210 modulates mitochondrial respiration in placenta with preeclampsia","volume":"33","author":"Muralimanoharan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.9088","article-title":"Aberrantly up-regulated miR-20a in pre-eclampsic placenta compromised the proliferative and invasive behaviors of trophoblast cells by targeting forkhead box protein A1","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"10901","article-title":"MicroRNA-20b inhibits trophoblast cell migration and invasion by targeting MMP-2","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00286-4","article-title":"HDAC4 Knockdown Induces Preeclampsia Cell Autophagy and Apoptosis by miR-29b","volume":"28","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-20-0309","article-title":"Ligustrazine-induced microRNA-16-5p inhibition alleviates preeclampsia through IGF-2","volume":"160","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.18845","article-title":"Placental Homing Peptide-microRNA Inhibitor Conjugates for Targeted Enhancement of Intrinsic Placental Growth Signaling","volume":"7","author":"Beards","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2016.02.012","article-title":"MicroRNA-141 is upregulated in preeclamptic placentae and regulates trophoblast invasion and intercellular communication","volume":"172","author":"Chaiwangyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.01.002","article-title":"Aberrantly up-regulated miR-142-3p inhibited the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells by regulating FOXM1","volume":"104","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/10799893.2020.1806318","article-title":"MiR-125b participates in the occurrence of preeclampsia by regulating the migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblastic cells through STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"41","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Recept. Signal. Transduct. Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2022.2075644","article-title":"MiR-200b-3p is upregulated in the placental tissues from patients with preeclampsia and promotes the development of preeclampsia via targeting profilin 2","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116650754","article-title":"MicroRNA-137 Affects Proliferation and Migration of Placenta Trophoblast Cells in Preeclampsia by Targeting ERRalpha","volume":"24","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2017.04.002","article-title":"Up-regulation of microRNA-202-3p in first trimester placenta of pregnancies destined to develop severe preeclampsia, a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-021-00351-5","article-title":"miR-146a-5p-mediated suppression on trophoblast cell progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in preeclampsia","volume":"54","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-017-3812-0","article-title":"Expression of MicroRNA-146a and MicroRNA-155 in Placental Villi in Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia","volume":"163","author":"Nizyaeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anton, L., Olarerin-George, A.O., Hogenesch, J.B., and Elovitz, M.A. (2015). Placental expression of miR-517a\/b and miR-517c contributes to trophoblast dysfunction and preeclampsia. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122707"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01228-12","article-title":"The c-Myc-regulated microRNA-17~92 (miR-17~92) and miR-106a~363 clusters target hCYP19A1 and hGCM1 to inhibit human trophoblast differentiation","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00087","article-title":"Is microRNA-376c a biomarker or mediator of preeclampsia?","volume":"61","author":"Baker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2015.1122034","article-title":"Plasma levels of increased miR-195-5p correlates with the sFLT-1 levels in preeclampsia","volume":"35","author":"Sandrim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertens. Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"4676","article-title":"miR-335 targets CRIM1 to promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of placental trophoblast cells in preeclamptic rats","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24563","article-title":"MicroRNA-126 regulates EPCs function: Implications for a role of miR-126 in preeclampsia","volume":"114","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719119828040","article-title":"Downregulation of MicroRNA-125a in Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders Contributes Antiapoptosis of Implantation Site Intermediate Trophoblasts by Targeting MCL1","volume":"26","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14081","article-title":"Unique microRNA Signals in Plasma Exosomes from Pregnancies Complicated by Preeclampsia","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00672","article-title":"Placental Exosomes as Early Biomarker of Preeclampsia: Potential Role of Exosomal MicroRNAs Across Gestation","volume":"102","author":"Salomon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"1731","article-title":"Placentaassociated serum exosomal miR155 derived from patients with preeclampsia inhibits eNOS expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"41","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.09.023","article-title":"Role of mesenchymal stem cells exosomes derived microRNAs; miR-136, miR-494 and miR-495 in pre-eclampsia diagnosis and evaluation","volume":"659","author":"Motawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4979-y","article-title":"Association between miRNA-152 polymorphism and risk of preeclampsia susceptibility","volume":"299","author":"Rokni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maharaj, N.R., Ramkaran, P., Pillay, S., and Chuturgoon, A.A. (2017). MicroRNA-146a rs2910164 is associated with severe preeclampsia in Black South African women on HAART. BMC Genet., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-016-0469-z"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2018.1469643","article-title":"The association of pri-miRNA- 26a1 rs7372209 polymorphism and Preeclampsia susceptibility","volume":"41","author":"Eskandari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"247","article-title":"Association of MicroRNA-155rs767649 Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Preeclampsia","volume":"8","author":"Ayoub","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Cell. Med."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-018-9886-1","article-title":"MIR146A rs2910164 (G\/C) Polymorphism is Associated with Incidence of Preeclampsia in Gestational Diabetes Patients","volume":"57","author":"Mehanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.02.002","article-title":"Whole genome miRNA profiling revealed miR-199a as potential placental pathogenesis of selective fetal growth restriction in monochorionic twin pregnancies","volume":"92","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.04.009","article-title":"Increased levels of microRNA-424 are associated with the pathogenesis of fetal growth restriction","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1361832","article-title":"Altered Expression of miR-518b and miR-519a in the placenta is associated with low fetal birth weight","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4045","article-title":"Characterization of placenta-specific microRNAs in fetal growth restriction pregnancy","volume":"33","author":"Higashijima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maccani, M.A., Padbury, J.F., and Marsit, C.J. (2011). miR-16 and miR-21 expression in the placenta is associated with fetal growth. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021210"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32268","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32268","article-title":"Up-regulation of miR-98 and unraveling regulatory mechanisms in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2058","article-title":"MicroRNA-518d regulates PPARalpha protein expression in the placentas of females with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13493","article-title":"Diagnostic value of dysregulated microribonucleic acids in the placenta and circulating exosomes in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00345","article-title":"Circulating microRNA (miRNA) Expression Profiling in Plasma of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Reveals Upregulation of miRNA miR-330-3p","volume":"8","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00169","article-title":"The miRNA-29b Is Downregulated in Placenta During Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and May Alter Placenta Development by Regulating Trophoblast Migration and Invasion Through a HIF3A-Dependent Mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1461","article-title":"microRNA-96 protects pancreatic beta-cell function by targeting PAK1 in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"799","article-title":"High glucose suppresses the viability and proliferation of HTR8\/SVneo cells through regulation of the miR137\/PRKAA1\/IL6 axis","volume":"42","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4626","article-title":"Placental exosomes isolated from urine of patients with gestational diabetes exhibit a differential profile expression of microRNAs across gestation","volume":"46","author":"Lopez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13163","article-title":"Novel mechanism of miRNA-365-regulated trophoblast apoptosis in recurrent miscarriage","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14488","article-title":"Inhibition of microRNA-149 protects against recurrent miscarriage through upregulating RUNX2 and activation of the PTEN\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00701-8","article-title":"Down-regulation of the Sp1 transcription factor by an increase of microRNA-4497 in human placenta is associated with early recurrent miscarriage","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2021.100510","article-title":"MicroRNA-155-5p regulates survival of human decidua stromal cells through NF-kappaB in recurrent miscarriage","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2463","article-title":"Expression patterns of microRNAs in the chorioamniotic membranes: A role for microRNAs in human pregnancy and parturition","volume":"217","author":"Montenegro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88465-4","article-title":"Adulthood blood levels of hsa-miR-29b-3p associate with preterm birth and adult metabolic and cognitive health","volume":"11","author":"Marttila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5519","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14035519","article-title":"MicroRNAs in Human Placental Development and Pregnancy Complications","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327118781902","article-title":"Maternal miRNA-146a G\/C rs2910164 variation, HIV\/AIDS and nitrogen oxide pollution exposure collectively affects foetal growth","volume":"38","author":"Naidoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.203331","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"59","author":"Coustan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S330323","article-title":"MicroRNAs and Exosomal microRNAs May Be Possible Targets to Investigate in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13491","article-title":"MicroRNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms and diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-017-0969-y","article-title":"Investigation of miRNA-binding site variants and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese pregnant women","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-015-0768-2","article-title":"Association study of the miRNA-binding site polymorphisms of CDKN2A\/B genes with gestational diabetes mellitus susceptibility","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05548-7","article-title":"Negative associations between the has-miR-27a and hsa-miR-125a gene variations and prostate cancer susceptibility","volume":"47","author":"Hakimian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00836","article-title":"Circulating Exosomal miRNA Profile During Term and Preterm Birth Pregnancies: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"160","author":"Menon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13353","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13353","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in spontaneous preterm birth","volume":"85","author":"Menon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, H.R., Han, J.A., Kim, H., Lee, H.J., Shim, Y.S., Kang, M.J., Yoon, J.S., Ryu, S., and Hwang, I.T. (2022). Exosomal miRNA Profile in Small-for-Gestational-Age Children: A Potential Biomarker for Catch-Up Growth. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13060938"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rah, H., Chung, K.W., Ko, K.H., Kim, E.S., Kim, J.O., Sakong, J.H., Kim, J.H., Lee, W.S., and Kim, N.K. (2017). miR-27a and miR-449b polymorphisms associated with a risk of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177160"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.03.207","article-title":"The microRNApolymorphisms inmiR-150 and miR-1179 are associated with risk of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"39","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_193","first-page":"57","article-title":"Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms at 3\u2032-untranslated region are associated with susceptibility to preterm birth","volume":"4","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02532-x","article-title":"MIR146A and ADIPOQ genetic variants are associated with birth weight in relation to gestational age: A cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod Genet."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/18\/5943\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:30:22Z","timestamp":1760142622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/18\/5943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"references-count":194,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27185943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27185943","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]}}}