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Molecular mechanisms underlying the progression from acute VMC (aVMC), to chronic VMC (cVMC) and finally to DCM, are still unclear. Here, we established mouse models of VMC and DCM with Coxsackievirus B3 infection and conducted NMR-based metabolomic analysis of aqueous metabolites extracted from cardiac tissues of three histologically classified groups including aVMC, cVMC and DCM. We showed that these three pathological groups were metabolically distinct from their normal counterparts and identified three impaired metabolic pathways shared by these pathological groups relative to normal controls, including nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. We also identified two extra impaired metabolic pathways in the aVMC group, including glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Furthermore, we identified potential cardiac biomarkers for metabolically distinguishing these three pathological stages from normal controls. Our results indicate that the metabolomic analysis of cardiac tissues can provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression from acute VMC to DCM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27186115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T04:28:55Z","timestamp":1663648135000},"page":"6115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Cardiac Tissues Clarifies Molecular Mechanisms of CVB3-Induced Viral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinping","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruohan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.304951","article-title":"Lack in treatment options for virus-induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy: Can iPS-derived cardiomyocytes close the gap?","volume":"115","author":"Tschope","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. 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