{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:27:03Z","timestamp":1791919623286,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University","award":["TURSP (2020\/257)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP (2020\/257)"]}]},{"name":"Taif University","award":["RSP-2021\/115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/115"]}]},{"name":"Taif University","award":["TUMA-2021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUMA-2021-1"]}]},{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project","award":["TURSP (2020\/257)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP (2020\/257)"]}]},{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project","award":["RSP-2021\/115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/115"]}]},{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project","award":["TUMA-2021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUMA-2021-1"]}]},{"name":"AlMaarefa University","award":["TURSP (2020\/257)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP (2020\/257)"]}]},{"name":"AlMaarefa University","award":["RSP-2021\/115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2021\/115"]}]},{"name":"AlMaarefa University","award":["TUMA-2021-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUMA-2021-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of mortalities worldwide. In the present research, new synthetic derivatives of thiazole were studied using isolated hearts and blood vessels of rats. The heart and thoracic aorta were tested with six new synthesized thiazole acetic acid derivatives (SMVA-10, SMVA-35, SMVA-40, SMVA-41, SMVA-42 and SMVA-60), and the data obtained were statistically analyzed and compared. Isolated rat hearts were used to record the changes in developed tension and heart rate, while thoracic aortas were used to measure the contractile response, before and after treatments. Analysis of the results indicated a significant (p &lt; 0.01) increase in developed tension with the addition of SMVA-35, SMVA-40, SMVA-41 and SMVA-42, which was augmented in the presence of adrenaline without affecting the heart rate. On the other hand, acetylcholine significantly decreased the developed tension, which was significantly reversed (p &lt; 0.01) in the presence of compounds (SMVA-35 and SMVA-60). However, in the presence of SMVA-35 and SMVA-40, acetylcholine-induced bradycardia was significantly (p &lt; 0.01) reduced. Furthermore, only SMVA-42 induced a dose-dependent contractile response in the isolated blood vessel, which was abolished in the presence of prazosin. Therefore, it can be concluded that some of the new synthesized thiazole derivatives exhibited promising results by raising the developed tension without changing the heart rate or blood vessel function, which could be helpful in failing heart conditions. However, more research is required to fully comprehend the function, mechanism and effectiveness of the compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T22:36:44Z","timestamp":1663713404000},"page":"6138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["New Thiazole Acetic Acid Derivatives: A Study to Screen Cardiovascular Activity Using Isolated Rat Hearts and Blood Vessels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Raghunatha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560027, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Naseeruddin","family":"Inamdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560027, India"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560091, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1533-9667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin","family":"Asdaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Almuqbil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7782-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah R.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7040-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh I.","family":"Alaqel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3585-0828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehnaz","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firas Hamdan","family":"Alsubaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sale Representative, Jamjoom Pharmaceutical Company, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa F.","family":"Alsanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3174-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulhakeem S.","family":"Alamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6344-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Imam","family":"Rabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7007-9119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahesh","family":"Attimarad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PES University, Bengaluru 560085, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9798-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Alhomrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.04.006","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: What Do We Know?","volume":"61","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-017-0284-5","article-title":"Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in People with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Subhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.02.009","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prevention: A Perspective From Developing Countries","volume":"37","author":"Teo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steiner, L., Fraser, S., Maraj, D., and Persaud, N. (2021). Associations between essential medicines and health outcomes for cardiovascular disease. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-01955-1"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.07.026","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs","volume":"124","author":"Laurent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.5.5.631","article-title":"Potential side effects of renin inhibitors--mechanisms based on comparison with other renin-angiotensin blockers","volume":"5","author":"Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314550804","article-title":"Muscle- and skeletal-related side-effects of statins: Tip of the iceberg?","volume":"23","author":"Auer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.02.051","article-title":"Design and synthesis of nitrate esters of aromatic heterocyclic compounds as pharmacological preconditioning agents","volume":"16","author":"Fotopoulou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jampilek, J. (2019). Heterocycles in Medicinal Chemistry. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24213839"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557518666180816112151","article-title":"A Review on Recent Synthetic Strategies and Pharmacological Importance of 1,3-Thiazole Derivatives","volume":"19","author":"Nayak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.112016","article-title":"Thiazole-containing compounds as therapeutic targets for cancer therapy","volume":"188","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2022.105691","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of thiazole bioisosteres of goniofufurone through in vitro antiproliferative activity and in vivo toxicity","volume":"121","author":"Popsavin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahal, S., Cheng, R., Cheung, P.K., Been, T., Malty, R., Geng, M., Manianis, S., Shkreta, L., Jahanshahi, S., and Toutant, J. (2021). The Thiazole-5-Carboxamide GPS491 Inhibits HIV-1, Adenovirus, and Coronavirus Replication by Altering RNA Processing\/Accumulation. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14010060"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2022.139408","article-title":"Synthesis, molecular docking, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticonvulsant assessment of novel S and C-linker thiazole derivatives","volume":"791","author":"Raveesha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1700403","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.201700403","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and molecular modeling of heterocyclic bioisostere as potent PDE4 inhibitors","volume":"351","author":"Almatary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-020-01962-7","article-title":"Chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids induced positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on rat heart","volume":"394","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00821","article-title":"Berberine Mediated Positive Inotropic Effects on Rat Hearts via a Ca2+-Dependent Mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02300-5","article-title":"Effects of cocaine and levamisole (as adulterant) on the isolated perfused Langendorff heart","volume":"134","author":"Gartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02977894","article-title":"Benzisothiazoles and beta-adrenoceptors: Synthesis and pharmacological investigation of novel propanolamine and oxypropanolamine derivatives in isolated rat tissues","volume":"28","author":"Morini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13595","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202101920","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and In Vivo Cardiovascular Evaluation of Some Novel Aryloxy Propanol Amino Acid Derivatives","volume":"6","author":"Hekmat","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-014-0967-3","article-title":"Synthesis of fluorene and\/or benzophenone O-oxime ethers containing amino acid residues and study of their cardiovascular and antibacterial effects","volume":"23","author":"Behrouz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Chem Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1278611","article-title":"Evaluation of antihypertensive potential of Ficus carica fruit","volume":"55","author":"Alamgeer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16440","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.788299","article-title":"Arjunolic acid, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 agonist, regresses cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting non-canonical TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"292","author":"Bansal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"152","article-title":"Synthesis and anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of 2-Arylamino 4-(4-Chlorphenyl) Thiazole-5-Acetic Acids\/Esters","volume":"61","author":"Attimarad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"127","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic interaction of garlic with hydrochlorothiazide in rats","volume":"53","author":"Asdaq","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"42","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic interaction of garlic with propranolol in ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardial damage","volume":"23","author":"Asdaq","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"638","article-title":"Comparative interaction of few antihypertensive drugs with cyclosporine-A in rats","volume":"45","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/19\/6138\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:34:50Z","timestamp":1760142890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/19\/6138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27196138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27196138","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]}}}