{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:23:15Z","timestamp":1791393795804,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR)","award":["IFPDP-57-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFPDP-57-22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Present research was planned to assess the in vitro and in vivo anti-arthritic potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. methanolic (CTME) and aqueous (CTAQ) extracts. Chemical characterization was done by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analysis. The Complete Freund\u2019s Adjuvant (CFA) was injected in left hind paw of rat at day 1 and dosing at 150, 300 and 600 mg\/kg was started on the 8th day via oral gavage in all groups except normal and disease control rats (which were given distilled water), whereas methotrexate (intraperitoneal; 1 mg\/kg\/mL) was administered to standard control. The CTME and CTAQ exerted significant (p &lt; 0.01\u20130.0001) in vitro anti-arthritic action. Both extracts notably reduced paw edema, and restored weight loss, immune organs weight, arthritic score, RBCs, ESR, platelet count, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein, and WBCs in treated rats. The plant extracts showed significant (p &lt; 0.05\u20130.0001) downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, Interleukin-6, -1\u03b2, NF-\u03baB, and cyclooxygenase-2, while notably upregulated IL-4, IL-10, I-\u03baB\u03b1 in contrast to disease control rats. The plant extracts noticeably (p &lt; 0.001\u20130.0001) restored the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and MDA levels in treated rats. Both extracts exhibited significant anti-arthritic potential. The promising potential was exhibited by both extracts probably due to phenolic, and flavonoids compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T05:20:58Z","timestamp":1664169658000},"page":"6323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Arthritic Potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. and Its Chemical Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Nida","family":"Iftikhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2478-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammara","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2270-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Furqan","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4531-3911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghulam","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabana","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"},{"name":"Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9820-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghulam Md","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Badrah S.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turki S.","family":"Abujamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Arthritis-a review on two types","volume":"92","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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