{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:24:26Z","timestamp":1792610666312,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pyridine, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 1,3-thiazole derivatives have various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antitubercular, as well as other anticipated biological properties, including anticancer activity. The starting 1-(3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)-3-phenylthiourea (2) was prepared and reacted with various hydrazonoyl halides 3a\u2013h, \u03b1-haloketones 5a\u2013d, 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione 7a and ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxobutanoate 7b, which afforded the 3-aryl-5-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles 4a\u2013h, 3-phenyl-4-arylthiazoles 6a\u2013d and the 4-methyl-3- phenyl-5-substituted thiazoles 8a,b, respectively. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed by spectral data. All of the compounds also showed remarkable anticancer activity against the cell line of human colon carcinoma (HTC-116) as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) compared with the Harmine as a reference under in vitro condition. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole 4h was found to be most promising and an excellent performer against both cancer cell lines (IC50 = 2.03 \u00b1 0.72 and 2.17 \u00b1 0.83 \u00b5M, respectively), better than the reference drug (IC50 = 2.40 \u00b1 0.12 and 2.54 \u00b1 0.82 \u00b5M, respectively). In order to check the binding modes of the above thiadiazole derivatives, molecular docking studies were performed that established a binding site with EGFR TK.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T03:30:37Z","timestamp":1664335837000},"page":"6368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Synthesis, Molecular Docking Study, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Some Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole as Well as 1,3-Thiazole Derivatives Bearing a Pyridine Moiety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9202-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr S.","family":"Abouzied","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12311, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-9791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jehan Y.","family":"Al-Humaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5884-0278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman S","family":"Bazaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3068-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Husam","family":"Qanash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-6361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naif K.","family":"Binsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8852-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulwahab","family":"Alamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3995-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheikh Muhammad","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7739-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sobhi M.","family":"Gomha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, A.K., Kumar, A., Singh, H., Sonawane, P., Paliwal, H., Thareja, S., Pathak, P., Grishina, M., Jaremko, M., and Emwas, A.-H. (2022). Concept of hybrid drugs and recent advancements in anticancer hybrids. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091071"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2130","article-title":"Discovery and development of sorafenib: A multikinase inhibitor for treating cancer","volume":"5","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/01.COT.0000440851.26799.de","article-title":"FDA Approves Stivarga for Advanced GIST","volume":"35","author":"DiGiulio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Times"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6342","DOI":"10.1021\/jm2007613","article-title":"Structure Based Drug Design of Crizotinib (PF-02341066), a Potent and Selective Dual Inhibitor of Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Factor (c-MET) Kinase and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)","volume":"54","author":"Cui","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2003.11.084","article-title":"The discovery and synthesis of novel adenosine receptor (A2A) antagonists","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02969297","article-title":"Synthesis, cytotoxicity and structure-activity relationship study of terpyridines","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2007.05.002","article-title":"Synthesis of 2,6-diaryl-substituted pyridines and their antitumor activities","volume":"43","author":"Son","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.10.049","article-title":"2-Thienyl-4-furyl-6-aryl pyridine derivatives: Synthesis, topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, and structure\u2013activity relationship study","volume":"18","author":"Thapa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.01.065","article-title":"Synthesis of 2-(thienyl-2-yl or -3-yl)-4-furyl-6-aryl pyridine derivatives and evaluation of their topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, and structure\u2013activity relationship","volume":"18","author":"Thapa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.5012\/bkcs.2011.32.1.303","article-title":"Synthesis, topoisomerase I and II inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, and structure-activity relationship study of rigid analogues of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridine containing 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinoline moiety","volume":"32","author":"Jeong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Korean Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omar, A.Z., Alshaye, N.A., Mosa, T.M., El-Sadany, S.K., Hamed, E.A., and El-Atawy, M.A. (2022). Synthesis and antimicrobial activity screening of piperazines bearing n,n\u2032-bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole) moiety as probable enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123698"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-017-0255-7","article-title":"A facile synthesis and anticancer activity of some novel thiazoles carrying 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety","volume":"11","author":"Gomha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-017-0335-8","article-title":"A Facile access and evaluation of some novel thiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives incorporating thiazole moiety as potent anticancer agents","volume":"11","author":"Gomha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janowska, S., Khylyuk, D., Andrzejczuk, S., and Wujec, M. (2022). Design, synthesis, antibacterial evaluations and in silico studies of novel thiosemicarbazides and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27103161"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3906\/kim-1410-25","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of new pyridines containing imidazole moiety as antimicrobial and anticancer agents","volume":"39","author":"Ikhlass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z.-P., Zhong, Y., Han, Z.-B., Zhou, L., Su, H.-S., Wang, J., Liu, Y., and Cheng, M.-S. (2021). Synthesis, molecular docking analysis and biological evaluations of saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamide derivatives. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115482"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6713","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01629a133","article-title":"The Carcinostatic activity of some 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole","volume":"77","author":"Oleson","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2006.02.027","article-title":"Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of N-substituted 2-amino-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles","volume":"14","author":"Matysiak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2010.07.023","article-title":"Synthesis and anticancer activity of 5-(3-indolyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles","volume":"45","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-010-9371-9","article-title":"3-Benzhydryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione","volume":"20","author":"Bhole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/00397911.2017.1399422","article-title":"Novel one-pot expeditious synthesis of 2, 4-disubstituted thiazoles through a three-component reaction under solvent free conditions","volume":"48","author":"Sujatha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Synth. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3906\/kim-1506-13","article-title":"Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of some novel thiazoles and 1,3-thiazines substituted with pyrazole moiety against rabies virus","volume":"40","author":"Abdalla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9335","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17089335","article-title":"A convenient ultrasound-promoted synthesis and cytotoxic activity of some new thiazole derivatives bearing a coumarin nucleus","volume":"17","author":"Gomha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557518666180816112151","article-title":"A Review on recent synthetic strategies and pharmacological importance of 1, 3-thiazole derivatives","volume":"19","author":"Nayak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2174\/1570193X15666180412152743","article-title":"Thiazole: A Privileged motif in marine natural products","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.56.3.113","article-title":"Thiazoles: A retrospective study on synthesis, structure-activity relationship and therapeutic significance","volume":"56","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"133","article-title":"An efficient one-pot three-component synthesis, molecular docking, ADME and DFT predictions of new series thiazolidin-4-one derivatives bearing a sulfonamide moiety as potential antimicrobial and antioxidant agents","volume":"65","author":"Hassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nastas\u0103, C., Tamaian, R., Oniga, O., and Tiperciuc, B. (2019). 5-Arylidene(chromenyl-methylene)-thiazolidinediones: Potential new agents against mutant oncoproteins K-Ras, N-Ras and B-Raf in colorectal cancer and melanoma. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55040085"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donarska, B., \u015awitalska, M., Wietrzyk, J., P\u0142azi\u0144ski, W., Mizerska-Kowalska, M., Zdzisi\u0144ska, B., and \u0141\u0105czkowski, K.Z. (2022). Discovery of new 3,3-diethylazetidine-2,4-dione based thiazoles as nanomolar human neutrophil elastase inhibitors with broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147566"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nastas\u0103, C., Vodnar, D.C., Ionu\u0163, I., Stana, A., Benedec, D., Tamaian, R., Oniga, O., and Tiperciuc, B. (2018). antibacterial evaluation and virtual screening of new thiazolyl-triazole schiff bases as potential dna-gyrase inhibitors. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010222"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2019.1596086","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and antibacterial evaluation of new thiazolin-4-one derivatives as potential tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors","volume":"34","author":"Stana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhibit. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomha, S.M., Edrees, M., and Altalbawy, F. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of some new bis-pyrazolyl-thiazoles incorporating the thiophene moiety as potent anti-tumor agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091499"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00706-014-1303-9","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of some novel thiadiazoles and thiazoles incorporating pyrazole moiety as anticancer agents","volume":"146","author":"Gomha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Monatsh. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.06.003","article-title":"Anti-liver cancer activity in vitro and in vivo induced by 2-pyridyl 2, 3-thiazole derivatives","volume":"329","author":"Bomfim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.104101","article-title":"Synthesis and greener pastures biological study of bis-thiadiazoles as potential covid-19 drug candidates","volume":"15","author":"Said","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/jhet.3088","article-title":"One Pot Synthesis of new thiadiazolyl-pyridines as anticancer and antioxidant agents","volume":"55","author":"Gomha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Heterocycl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S291579","article-title":"Thiazole based thiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation and molecular docking study","volume":"15","author":"Gomha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S165276","article-title":"5-(Thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives: Synthesis, molecular docking and in-vitro cytotoxicity evaluation as potential anticancer agents","volume":"12","author":"Gomha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomha, S.M., Riyadh, S.M., Huwaimel, B., Zayed, M.E.M., and Abdellattif, M.H. (2022). Synthesis, molecular docking study and cytotoxic activity on mcf cells of some new thiazole clubbed thiophene scaffolds. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144639"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1002\/jhet.3235","article-title":"Facile synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles bearing coumarine ring as anticancer agents","volume":"55","author":"Gomha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Heterocycl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edrees, M.M., Abu-Melha, S., Saad, A.M., Kheder, N.A., Gomha, S.M., and Muhammad, Z.A. (2018). Eco-friendly synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some new pyrazolines containing thiazole moiety as potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112970"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Melha, S., Edrees, M.M., Salem, H.H., Kheder, N.A., Gomha, S.M., and Abdelaziz, M.R. (2019). Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel thiazole-based heterocycles as potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030539"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2019.1710268","article-title":"Green synthesis, molecular docking and anticancer activity of novel 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbohydrazones under grind-stone chemistry","volume":"13","author":"Gomha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Green Chem. Lett. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2021.1893392","article-title":"L-Proline catalyzed green synthesis and anticancer evaluation of novel bioactive benzil bis-hydrazones under grinding technique","volume":"14","author":"Sayed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Green Chem. Lett. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762248","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.762248","article-title":"Three-component synthesis of some new coumarin derivatives as anti-cancer agents","volume":"9","author":"Alshabanah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayl, A.A., Arafa, W.A.A., Ahmed, M., Abd-Elhamid, A.I., El-Fakharany, E.M., Abdelgawad, M.A., Gomha, S.M., Ibrahim, H.M., Aly, A.A., and Br\u00e4se, S. (2022). Novel pyridinium based ionic liquid promoter for aqueous knoevenagel condensation: Green and efficient synthesis of new derivatives with their anticancer evaluation. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092940"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.08.018","article-title":"Synthesis and anti-microbial activity of some 1-substituted amino-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-pyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives","volume":"46","author":"Khidre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2013.02.014","article-title":"Design and synthesis of novel pyrimido[4,5-b]azepine derivatives as HER2\/EGFR dual inhibitors","volume":"21","author":"Kawakita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayed, A.R., Gomha, S.M., Abdelrazek, F.M., Farghaly, M.S., Hassan, S.A., and Metz, P. (2019). Design, efficient synthesis and molecular docking of some novel thiazolyl-pyrazole derivatives as anticancer agents. BMC Chem., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-019-0632-5"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1007\/s10593-016-1815-9","article-title":"Synthesis and anticancer activity of arylazothiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles using chitosan-grafted-poly(4-vinylpyridine) as a novel copolymer basic catalyst","volume":"51","author":"Gomha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Heterocycl. Compd."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Chemical Computing Group Inc (2016). Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), Chemical Computing Group Inc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725135","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.725135","article-title":"Synthesis of new quinoxaline derivatives as potential histone deacetylase inhibitors targeting hepatocellular carcinoma: In Silico, In Vitro, and SAR studies","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13986","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NJ02838C","article-title":"The antimicrobial potential and pharmacokinetic profiles of novel quinoline-based scaffolds: Synthesis and in silico mechanistic studies as dual DNA gyrase and DHFR inhibitors","volume":"45","author":"Ghiaty","year":"2021","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17374","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NJ04088F","article-title":"Tanshinone IIA synergistically enhances the antitumor activity of doxorubicin by interfering with the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway and inhibition of topoisomeraseII: In Vitro and molecular docking studies","volume":"44","author":"Ghanem","year":"2020","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628398","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.628398","article-title":"Revisiting Activity of Some Nocodazole Analogues as a Potential Anticancer Drugs Using Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations","volume":"9","author":"Khattab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soltan, M.A., Eldeen, M.A., Elbassiouny, N., Mohamed, I., El-Damasy, D.A., Fayad, E., Abu Ali, O.A., Raafat, N., Eid, R.A., and Al-Karmalawy, A.A. (2021). Proteome based approach defines candidates for designing a multitope vaccine against the nipah virus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179330"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000237","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202000237","article-title":"Design and discovery of new 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-c]quinazolines as potential DNA intercalators and topoisomerase II inhibitors","volume":"354","author":"Alesawy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Der Pharm."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00144","article-title":"Empagliflozin and Doxorubicin Synergistically Inhibit the Survival of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Interfering with the mTOR Pathway and Inhibition of Calmodulin: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies","volume":"3","author":"Eliaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1080\/08927020500401121","article-title":"Empirical modelling using dummy atoms (EMUDA): An alternative approach for studying \u201cauxetic\u201d structures","volume":"31","author":"Grima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Simul."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2021.116266","article-title":"From triazolophthalazines to triazoloquinazolines: A bioisosterism-guided approach toward the identification of novel PCAF inhibitors with potential anticancer activity","volume":"42","author":"Ghiaty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soltan, M.A., Elbassiouny, N., Gamal, H., Elkaeed, E.B., Eid, R.A., Eldeen, M.A., and Al-Karmalawy, A.A. (2021). In Silico Prediction of a Multitope Vaccine against Moraxella catarrhalis: Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatics. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060669"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"845","article-title":"The Performance of Current Methods in Ligand\u2013Protein Dockin","volume":"83","author":"McConkey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16557","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NJ02710G","article-title":"Design and synthesis of new 4-(2-nitrophenoxy)benzamide derivatives as potential antiviral agents: Molecular modeling and in vitro antiviral screening","volume":"36","author":"Abdallah","year":"2021","journal-title":"New J. Chem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/19\/6368\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:40:15Z","timestamp":1760143215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/19\/6368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27196368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27196368","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]}}}