{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:15:52Z","timestamp":1787238952412,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2019YFA0905400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0905400"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["32070040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070040"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFA0905400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0905400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlorothricin (CHL) belongs to a spirotetronate antibiotic family produced by Streptomyces antibioticus that inhibits pyruvate carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase. For the biosynthesis of CHL, ChlB3 plays a crucial role by introducing the 6-methylsalicylic acid (6MSA) moiety to ChlB2, an acyl carrier protein (ACP). However, the structural insight and catalytic mechanism of ChlB3 was unclear. In the current study, the crystal structure of ChlB3 was solved at 3.1 \u00c5-resolution and a catalytic mechanism was proposed on the basis of conserved residues of structurally related enzymes. ChlB3 is a dimer having the same active sites as CerJ (a structural homologous enzyme) and uses a KSIII-like fold to work as an acyltransferase. The relaxed substrate specificity of ChlB3 was defined by its catalytic efficiencies (kcat\/Km) for non-ACP tethered synthetic substrates such as 6MSA-SNAC, acetyl-SNAC, and cyclohexonyl-SNAC. ChlB3 successfully detached the 6MSA moiety from 6MSA-SNAC substrate and this hydrolytic activity demonstrated that ChlB3 has the potential to catalyze non-ACP tethered substrates. Structural comparison indicated that ChlB3 belongs to FabH family and showed 0.6\u20132.5 \u00c5 root mean square deviation (RMSD) with structural homologous enzymes. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were implemented to understand substrate active site and structural behavior such as the open and closed conformation of the ChlB3 protein. The resultant catalytic and substrate recognition mechanism suggested that ChlB3 has the potential to use non-native substrates and minimize the labor of expressing ACP protein. This versatile acyltransferase activity may pave the way for manufacturing CHL variants and may help to hydrolyze several thioester-based compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T22:53:19Z","timestamp":1664405599000},"page":"6405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Structural Insight of KSIII (\u03b2-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase)-like Acyltransferase ChlB3 in the Biosynthesis of Chlorothricin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7791-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asad Ullah","family":"Saeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mueed Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-4182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai-Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 200235, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1250-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianting","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1021\/np500757w","article-title":"Spirotetronate Polyketides as Leads in Drug Discovery","volume":"78","author":"Lacoske","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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