{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:32:53Z","timestamp":1774884773781,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["GRP\/105\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRP\/105\/43"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this study were to optimize and quantify the maximum percentage yield of eupalitin-3-O-\u03b2-D-galactopyranosidefrom Boerhavia diffusa leaves using response surface methodology (RSM), as well as to demonstrate the hepatoprotective benefits of the bioactive compound. The Box\u2013Behnken experimental design was utilized to optimize the eupalitin-3-O-\u03b2-D-galactopyranoside extraction procedure, which also looked at the extraction duration, temperature, and solvent concentration as independent variables. Boerhaviadiffusa leaves were extracted, and n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water were used to fractionate the dried extracts. The dried ethyl acetate fraction was thoroughly mixed in hot methanol and stored overnight in the refrigerator. The cold methanol was filtered, the solid was separated, and hot methanol was used many times to re-crystallize the solid to obtain pure eupalitin-3-O-\u03b2-D-galactopyranoside (0.1578% w\/w). The proposed HPTLC method for the validation and quantification of eupalitin-3-O-\u03b2-D-galactopyranosidewassuccessfully validated and developed. The linearity (R2 = 0.994), detection limit (30 ng), and quantification limit (100 ng) of the method, as well as its range (100\u20135000 ng), inter and intraday precision (0.67% and 0.991% RSD), specificity, and accuracy (99.78% RSD), were all validated as satisfactory. The separation of the eupalitin-3-O-\u03b2-D-galactopyranoside band was achieved on an HPTLC plate using toluene:acetone:water (5:15:1 v\/v) as a developing system. The Box\u2013Behnken statistical design was used to determine the best optimization method, which was found to be extraction time (90 min), temperature (45 \u00b0C), and solvent ratio (80% methanol in water v\/v) for eupalitin-3-O-\u03b2-D-galactopyranoside. Standard silymarin ranged from 80.2% at 100 \u00b5g\/mL to 86.94% at 500 \u00b5g\/mL in terms of significant high hepatoprotection (cell induced with carbon tetrachloride 0.1%), whereas isolated eupalitin-3-O-\u03b2-D-galactopyranoside ranged from 62.62% at 500 \u00b5g\/mL to 70.23% at 1000 \u00b5g\/mL. More recently, it is a source of structurally unique flavonoid compounds that may offer opportunities for developing novel semi-synthetic molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T23:09:29Z","timestamp":1664492969000},"page":"6444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Box\u2013Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-O-\u03b2-D-Galactopyranoside from Boerhavia diffusa Linn."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4064-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal Y.","family":"Thajudeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yahya I.","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahana","family":"Salam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabeer Ali","family":"Thorakkattil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Services Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8826-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Rahamathulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Greiger, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5432-3003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilyas","family":"Uoorakkottil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Malappuram 679321, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42703","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nep223","article-title":"Inhibition of Human Cervical Cancer Cell Growth by Ethanolic Extract of Boerhaviadiffusa Linn. 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