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Deepening the knowledge about the structure of amyloid intermediates and their aggregation pathways is essential in understanding the underlying mechanisms of misfolding and cytotoxicity. However, structural investigations are challenging due to the low abundance and heterogeneity of those metastable intermediate species. Single-molecule techniques have the potential to overcome these difficulties. This review aims to report some of the recent advances and applications of vibrational spectroscopic techniques for the structural analysis of amyloid oligomers, with special focus on single-molecule studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T04:00:02Z","timestamp":1665288002000},"page":"6448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Applications of Single-Molecule Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques for the Structural Investigation of Amyloid Oligomers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Katrin Ha Phuong","family":"Vu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoscience and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard Heinrich","family":"Blankenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoscience and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4057-9486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Lesser-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Atomic, Nuclear and Molecular Sciences, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jos\u00e9 2060, Costa Rica"},{"name":"School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jos\u00e9 2060, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0070-5556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Fu","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-045115","article-title":"Protein Misfolding, Amyloid Formation, and Human Disease: A Summary of Progress Over the Last Decade","volume":"86","author":"Chiti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. 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