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Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are spherical zero-dimensional fluorescent nanoparticles with great potential for fluorescent probing, electrochemical biosensing and ion sensing. Herein, a bottom-up approach was developed for the synthesis of CQDs from biomass to detect laundry detergent and laundry powder. Waste chicken bones were used as carbon precursors after being dried, crushed and reacted with pure water at 180 \u00b0C for 4 h to generate CQDs, which exhibited a monodisperse quasi-spherical structure with an average particle size of 3.2 \u00b1 0.2 nm. Functional groups, including -OH, C=O, C=C and C-O, were identified on the surface of the prepared CQDs. The optimal fluorescence excitation wavelength of the yellow-brown CQDs was 380 nm, with a corresponding emission peak at 465 nm. CQDs did not significantly increase cell death in multiple cell lines at concentrations of 200 \u00b5g\u00b7mL\u22121. Fluorescence enhancement of CQDs was observed after addition of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, a major anionic surfactant in laundry powder. A linear relationship between fluorescence enhancement CQDs and the concentration of laundry powder was established. Thus, a hydrothermal method was developed to generate CQDs from waste biomass that may be used as a fluorescent probe to detect laundry powder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T04:00:02Z","timestamp":1665288002000},"page":"6479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A Hydrothermal Method to Generate Carbon Quantum Dots from Waste Bones and Their Detection of Laundry Powder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen 361015, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9454-6984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Jinshan Road 2999, Xiamen 361015, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5797-7697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longshan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S1004-9541(08)60115-9","article-title":"Development of Surfactants and Builders in Detergent Formulations","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. 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