{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:18:25Z","timestamp":1790745505753,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":277,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases affecting about 1\u20133% of the population. One of the characteristic abnormalities in psoriasis is the excessive production of antimicrobial peptides and proteins, which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins can be expressed differently in normal and diseased skin, reflecting their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, due to their very important functions in innate immunity, members of host defense peptides and proteins are currently considered to be promising new therapeutic targets for many inflammatory diseases. Koebnerisin (S100A15) belongs to an S100 family of antimicrobial proteins, which constitute the multigenetic group of calcium-binding proteins involved in ion-dependent cellular functions and regulation of immune mechanisms. S100A15 was first discovered to be overexpressed in \u2018koebnerized\u2019 psoriatic skin, indicating its involvement in the disease phenotype and the same promising potential as a new therapeutic target. This review describes the involvement of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in inflammatory diseases\u2019 development and therapy. The discussion focuses on S100 proteins, especially koebnerisin, which may be involved in the underlying mechanism of the K\u00f6ebner phenomenon in psoriasis, as well as other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases described in the last decade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T23:31:43Z","timestamp":1665358303000},"page":"6640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["S100 Proteins as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Psoriasis and Other Autoimmune Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2777-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kurpet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163\/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9247-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Chwatko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163\/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13269","article-title":"Among the S100 proteins, S100A12 is the most significant marker for psoriasis disease activity","volume":"30","author":"Wagenpfeil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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