{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T07:51:05Z","timestamp":1762069865414,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"Spanish Government (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201680I008","3756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201680I008","3756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005278","name":"University of Antioquia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201680I008","3756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201680I008","3756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Perylene-based compounds, either naturally occurring or synthetic, have shown interesting biological activities. In this study, we report on the broad-spectrum antifungal properties of two lead amphiphilic perylene bisimides, compounds 4 and 5, which were synthesized from perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride by condensation with spermine and an ammonium salt formation. The antifungal activity was evaluated using a collection of fungal strains and clinical isolates from patients with onychomycosis or sporotrichosis. Both molecules displayed an interesting antifungal profile with MIC values in the range of 2\u201325 \u03bcM, being as active as several reference drugs, even more potent in some particular strains. The ammonium trifluoroacetate salt 5 showed the highest activity with a MIC value of 2.1 \u03bcM for all tested Candida spp., two Cryptococcus spp., two Fusarium spp., and one Neoscytalidium spp. strain. Therefore, these amphiphilic molecules with the perylene moiety and cationic ammonium side chains represent important structural features for the development of novel antifungals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27206890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T03:43:58Z","timestamp":1665978238000},"page":"6890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antifungal Activity of Amphiphilic Perylene Bisimides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9253-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicky C.","family":"Roa-Linares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Dermatological Research and Group of Clinical Epidemiology, Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Mesa-Arango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Dermatological Research and Group of Clinical Epidemiology, Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n J.","family":"Zaragoz\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8762-0426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cardenete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Avda. de los Naranjos s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105640","article-title":"Relevant insights into onychomycosis\u2019 pathogenesis related to the effectiveness topical treatment","volume":"169","author":"Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. 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