{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:16:01Z","timestamp":1791832561864,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-73-10180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-73-10180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methods for creating various 3D morphologies of composites based on chitosan and copper nanoparticles stabilized by it in carbonic acid solutions formed under high pressure of saturating CO2 were developed. This work includes a comprehensive analysis of the regularities of copper nanoparticles stabilization and reduction with chitosan, studied by IR and UV-vis spectroscopies, XPS, TEM and rheology. Chitosan can partially reduce Cu2+ ions in aqueous solutions to small-sized, spherical copper nanoparticles with a low degree of polydispersity; the process is accompanied by the formation of an elastic polymer hydrogel. The resulting composites demonstrate antimicrobial activity against both fungi and bacteria. Exposing the hydrogels to the mixture of He or H2 gases and CO2 fluid under high pressure makes it possible to increase the porosity of hydrogels significantly, as well as decrease their pore size. Composite capsules show sufficient resistance to various conditions and reusable catalytic activity in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline reaction. The relative simplicity of the proposed method and at the same time its profound advantages (such as environmental friendliness, extra purity) indicate an interesting role of this study for various applications of materials based on chitosan and metals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T07:17:48Z","timestamp":1666768668000},"page":"7261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Water Saturated with Pressurized CO2 as a Tool to Create Various 3D Morphologies of Composites Based on Chitosan and Copper Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Katerina S.","family":"Stamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina A.","family":"Pigaleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiya A.","family":"Pestrikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0841-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander Y.","family":"Nikolaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5696-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Naumkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei S.","family":"Abramchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9372-5948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera S.","family":"Sadykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSBI Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Bol\u2019shaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9083-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia E.","family":"Kuvarina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FSBI Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Bol\u2019shaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeriya N.","family":"Talanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7739-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marat O.","family":"Gallyamov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.05.019","article-title":"Potential applications of metal-organic frameworks","volume":"253","author":"Kuppler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. 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