{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:58:32Z","timestamp":1787029112036,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Finanzas de Panam\u00e1 (MEF)","award":["19911.012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19911.012"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Finanzas de Panam\u00e1 (MEF)","award":["23-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-2021"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Finanzas de Panam\u00e1 (MEF)","award":["014-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["014-2021"]}]},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n (SNI) from Secretar\u00eda Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n de Panam\u00e1 (SENACYT)","award":["19911.012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19911.012"]}]},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n (SNI) from Secretar\u00eda Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n de Panam\u00e1 (SENACYT)","award":["23-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-2021"]}]},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n (SNI) from Secretar\u00eda Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n de Panam\u00e1 (SENACYT)","award":["014-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["014-2021"]}]},{"name":"SENACYT","award":["19911.012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19911.012"]}]},{"name":"SENACYT","award":["23-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-2021"]}]},{"name":"SENACYT","award":["014-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["014-2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus with an increasing circulation across the Americas. In the present study, we evaluated the potential antiviral activity of the following natural compounds against MAYV and other arboviruses: Sanguinarine, (R)-Shikonin, Fisetin, Honokiol, Tanshinone IIA, and \u03b1-Mangostin. Sanguinarine and Shikonin showed significant cytotoxicity, whereas Fisetin, Honokiol, Tanshinone IIA, and \u03b1-Mangostin were well tolerated in all the cell lines tested. Honokiol and \u03b1-Mangostin treatment protected Vero-E6 cells against MAYV-induced damage and resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in viral progeny yields for each of the MAYV strains and human cell lines assessed. These compounds also reduced MAYV viral RNA replication in HeLa cells. In addition, Honokiol and \u03b1-Mangostin disrupted MAYV infection at different stages of the virus life cycle. Moreover, Honokiol and \u03b1-Mangostin decreased Una, Chikungunya, and Zika viral titers and downmodulated the expression of E1 and nsP1 viral proteins from MAYV, Una, and Chikungunya. Finally, in Honokiol- and \u03b1-Mangostin-treated HeLa cells, we observed an upregulation in the expression of type I interferon and specific interferon-stimulated genes, including IFN\u03b1, IFN\u03b2, MxA, ISG15, OAS2, MDA-5, TNF\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2, which may promote an antiviral cellular state. Our results indicate that Honokiol and \u03b1-Mangostin present potential broad-spectrum activity against different arboviruses through different mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1667120502000},"page":"7362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Honokiol and Alpha-Mangostin Inhibit Mayaro Virus Replication through Different Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2200-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Vald\u00e9s-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama"},{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda en Microbiolog\u00eda Ambiental, Universidad de Panam\u00e1, Panama City 0824-03366, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalkiria","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhvi","family":"Bhakta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola Elaine","family":"Gal\u00e1n-Jurado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando A.","family":"Durant-Archibold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Panam\u00e1, Panama City 0824-03366, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-3477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Biolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S441","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw390","article-title":"Epidemiology of Chikungunya in the Americas","volume":"214","author":"Yactayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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