{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:10:12Z","timestamp":1791090612010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The unpredictable invasion of the Mupli beetle, Luprops tristis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), makes areas uninhabitable to humans. These beetles produce a strong-smelling, irritating secretion as a defence mechanism, which causes blisters on contact with human skin. In the current study, gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) analysis of the defensive gland extract of the Mupli beetle revealed the presence of compounds such as 2,3,dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 2,5-dimethyl hydroquinone, tetracosane, oleic acid, hexacosane, pentacosane, 7-hexadecenal and tert-hexadecanethiol. The defensive gland extracts showed considerable antibacterial activity on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in an agar diffusion assay. The chromosomal aberration analysis using root tips of Allium cepa L. exposed to the defensive secretion showed chromosomal aberrations such as disturbed metaphase, sticky chromosomes and chromosomal breakage. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using a radical scavenging (DPPH) assay. A cytotoxic assay of the defensive gland extract against Dalton\u2019s lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell line showed anticancer properties. In the present study, the defensive gland extract of the Mupli beetle, L. tristis, which is generally perceived as a nuisance insect to humans, was found to have beneficial biological activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T03:53:07Z","timestamp":1667447587000},"page":"7476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Chemical Composition and Antimitotic, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties of the Defensive Gland Extract of the Beetle, Luprops tristis Fabricius"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ovungal","family":"Sabira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attuvalappil Ramdas","family":"Vignesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthyalam Parambil","family":"Ajaykumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir Rama","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9023-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kodangattil Narayanan","family":"Jayaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Sciences Department, Centre for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merin","family":"Sebastin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalleringal","family":"Nikhila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annet","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vazhanthodi Abdul","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valiyaparambil Sivadasan","family":"Binitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College, Nattika, Thrissur 680566, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeena koldath","family":"Vasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madathilpadi Subrahmanian","family":"Sujith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomaterial Sciences, Department of Zoology, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College, Pattambi 679306, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051450308","article-title":"A Comparative Study of the Chemical Defensive System of Tenebrionid Beetles III. 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