{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:10:37Z","timestamp":1792789837561,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202102310194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102310194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["212102110148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102110148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Research Project of Henan Province, China","award":["32101568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101568"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Research Project of Henan Province, China","award":["202102310194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102310194"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Research Project of Henan Province, China","award":["212102110148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212102110148"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ginkgo tea and ginkgo wine are two familiar Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) drinks in the form of dietary supplements (DS) used for healthcare in east Asia. Nevertheless, a comprehensive evaluation of their safety and efficacy is still lacking. In this study, GBE drinks were prepared from naturally newly senescent yellow leaves (YL) and green leaves (GL) in autumn. Their total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity and prescribed ingredients were investigated. In brief, the proportions of total flavonoids, total flavonol glycosides (TFs), total terpene trilactones (TTLs) and ginkgolic acids in the GBE drinks all did not meet the standards of worldwide pharmacopoeias. Specifically, the levels of TFs in the ginkgo tea prepared from YL were significantly higher than that prepared from GL. Further analyses revealed a substandard ratio of isorhamnetin\/quercetin and an accumulation of leaf-age-related compounds, which were both unqualified. The proportions of specific TTLs varied between the ginkgo tea and ginkgo wine, although no significant differences were detected in terms of the total levels of TTLs. Noticeably, numerous biflavones and thousands of times over the limiting concentration of ginkgolic acids, including newly identified types, were only detected in ginkgo wine. Finally, the use of the GBE drinks as DSs was comprehensively evaluated according to the acceptable daily intake. This study showed the limited healthcare effects of GBE drinks despite their powerful antioxidant capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T03:53:07Z","timestamp":1667447587000},"page":"7479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Medicinal Values and Potential Risks Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract (GBE) Drinks Made from the Leaves in Autumn as Dietary Supplements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xiaojia","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Xinxiang 453000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruirui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Xinxiang 453000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Xinxiang 453000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linfeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qichao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Xinxiang 453000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Xinxiang 453000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingling","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3614-2276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbalho, S.M., Direito, R., Laurindo, L.F., Marton, L.T., Guiguer, E.L., Goulart, R.A., Tofano, R.J., Carvalho, A.C.A., Flato, U.A.P., and Tofano, V.A.C. 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