{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:52:17Z","timestamp":1791330737070,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut de la Francophonie pour le D\u00e9veloppement Durable (IFDD\/Canada)\/Projet de D\u00e9ploiement des Technologies et Innovations Environnementales (PDTIE)","award":["FED\/220\/421-370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FED\/220\/421-370"]}]},{"name":"Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)","award":["FED\/220\/421-370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FED\/220\/421-370"]}]},{"name":"Organisation of African, Caribbean, and Pacific States (OACPS)","award":["FED\/220\/421-370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FED\/220\/421-370"]}]},{"name":"European Union (EU)","award":["FED\/220\/421-370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FED\/220\/421-370"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using aqueous medical plant extracts as reducing and capping agents show multiple applicability for bacterial problems. The aim of this study was to expand the boundaries on AgNPs using a novel, low-toxicity, and cost-effective alternative and green approach to the biosynthesis of metallic NPs using Calendula officinalis (Calendula) and Hyssopus officinalis (Hyssopus) aqueous extracts. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The effectiveness of biosynthesized AgNPs in quenching free radicals and inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms was supported by in vitro antioxidant activity assay methods and using the Kirby\u2013Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test, respectively. The elucidated antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of medical plant extracts were compared with data from the engineered biosynthetic AgNPs. The antimicrobial effect of engineered AgNPs against selected test cultures was found to be substantially stronger than for plant extracts used for their synthesis. The analysis of AgNPs by TEM revealed the presence of spherical-shaped nano-objects. The size distribution of AgNPs was found to be plant-type-dependent. The smaller AgNPs were obtained with Hyssopus extract (with a size range of 16.8 \u00b1 5.8 nm compared to 35.7 \u00b1 4.8 nm from Calendula AgNPs). The AgNPs\u2019 presumably inherited biological functions of Hyssopus and Calendula medical plants can provide a platform to combat pathogenic bacteria in the era of multi-drug resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T02:11:15Z","timestamp":1668046275000},"page":"7700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Sustainable\u2013Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Hyssopus officinalis and Calendula officinalis Extracts and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Aiste","family":"Balciunaitiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktorija","family":"Puzeryte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9443-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitalijs","family":"Radenkovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Processing and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Horticulture, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia"},{"name":"Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Division of Smart Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inta","family":"Krasnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Processing and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Horticulture, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick B.","family":"Memvanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa 012, Congo"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, B.P. 212, Kisangani 012, Congo"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu B.P. 570, Congo"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa 012, Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranas","family":"Viskelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Streimikyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1074-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Viskelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02091","article-title":"A state-of-art review on multi-drug resistant pathogens in foods of animal origin: Risk factors and mitigation strategies","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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