{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:11:29Z","timestamp":1762074689315,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"(CNRS\/UNISTRA)\/DELLED","award":["185513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["185513"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antiaris africana Engler leaves have been used in Senegalese folk medicine to treat breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of Antiaris africana Engler leaves using several human cancer cell lines. The leaves of Antiaris africana Engler were extracted in parallel with water or 70% ethanol and each extract divided into three parts by successive liquid\u2013liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and butanol. The phytochemical components of the active extract were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS\/MS). The cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of each extract, as well as their fractions, were evaluated in vitro via flow and image cytometry on different human cancer phenotypes, such as breast (MCF-7), pancreas (AsPC-1), colon (SW-620) and acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1). Both hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts induced strong apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. The water fraction of the hydro-alcoholic extract was found to be the most active, suppressing the cell growth of MCF-7 in a dose-dependent manner. The half maximum effective concentration (EC50) of this fraction was 64.6 \u00b1 13.7 \u03bcg\/mL for MCF-7, with equivalent values for all tested phenotypes. In parallel, the apoptotic induction by this fraction resulted in a EC50 of 63.5 \u00b1 1.8 \u03bcg\/mL for MCF-7, with again equivalent values for all other cellular tested phenotypes. Analysis of this fraction by UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS\/MS led to the identification of hydroxycinnamates as major components, one rutin isomer, and three cardiac glycosides previously isolated from seeds and bark of Antiaris africana Engler and described as cytotoxic in human cancer models. These results provide supportive data for the use of Antiaris africana Engler leaves in Senegal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T02:11:15Z","timestamp":1668046275000},"page":"7723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Leaves Extract of Antiaris africana Engler (Moraceae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Khadidiatou","family":"Thiam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, D\u00e9partement de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 5005, Senegal"},{"name":"IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67401 Ilkirch, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67401 Ilkirch, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Marchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67401 Ilkirch, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3463-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian D.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67401 Ilkirch, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yerim M.","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, D\u00e9partement de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 5005, Senegal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0780-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Julien-David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67401 Ilkirch, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fathi","family":"Emhemmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67401 Ilkirch, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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