{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:57:59Z","timestamp":1787029079708,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/23\/D\/NZ7\/03949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/23\/D\/NZ7\/03949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bee pollen, because of its high content of nutrients, is a very valuable medicinal and nutritional product. However, since its composition is not completely studied, the consumption of this product may cause adverse effects, including allergic reactions. Therefore, this study aimed to discover and characterize the bioactive proteins of bee pollen collected in Poland, focusing mainly on the allergens. For this purpose, the purified and concentrated pollen aqueous solutions were analyzed using the nanoLC-MALDI-TOF\/TOF MS analytical platform. As a result of the experiments, 197 unique proteins derived from green plants (Viridiplantae) and 10 unique proteins derived from bees (Apis spp.) were identified. Among them, potential plant allergens were discovered. Moreover, proteins belonging to the group of hypothetical proteins, whose expression had not been confirmed experimentally before, were detected. Because of the content of bioactive compounds\u2014both beneficial and harmful\u2014there is a critical need to develop guidelines for standardizing bee pollen, especially intended for consumption or therapeutic purposes. This is of particular importance because awareness of the allergen content of bee pollen and other bee products can prevent health- or life-threatening incidents following the ingestion of these increasingly popular \u201csuperfoods\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T21:33:02Z","timestamp":1668115982000},"page":"7733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Bioactive Bee Pollen Proteins: Evaluation of Allergy Risk after Bee Pollen Supplementation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5765-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliza","family":"Matuszewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9600-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Plewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8163-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmara","family":"Pietkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3753-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"Kossakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2475-1066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Matysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 13 Kaszubska Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Rosi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 6 Uniwersytetu Pozna\u0144skiego Street, 61-614 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Matysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7729","article-title":"Biological and therapeutic properties of bee pollen: A review","volume":"96","author":"Denisow","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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