{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:33:10Z","timestamp":1789763590269,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["290526 to G.B.-K"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["290526 to G.B.-K"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, is a hormone that synchronizes the internal environment with the photoperiod. It is synthesized in the pineal gland and greatly depends on the endogenous circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the retina\u2019s exposure to different light intensities. Among its most studied functions are the regulation of the waking-sleep rhythm and body temperature. Furthermore, melatonin has pleiotropic actions, which affect, for instance, the modulation of the immune and the cardiovascular systems, as well as the neuroprotection achieved by scavenging free radicals. Recent research has supported that melatonin contributes to neuronal survival, proliferation, and differentiation, such as dendritogenesis and axogenesis, and its processes are similar to those caused by Nerve Growth Factor, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin-3, and Neurotrophin-4\/5. Furthermore, this indolamine has apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions in specific brain regions akin to those exerted by neurotrophic factors. This review presents evidence suggesting melatonin\u2019s role as a neurotrophic factor, describes the signaling pathways involved in these processes, and, lastly, highlights the therapeutic implications involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T21:33:02Z","timestamp":1668115982000},"page":"7742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Melatonin: A Neurotrophic Factor?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Armida","family":"Miranda-Riestra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofarmacolog\u00eda, Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Calzada M\u00e9xico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan 14370, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2673-5270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Estrada-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fitofarmacolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Calzada M\u00e9xico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan 14370, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8131-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erandis D.","family":"Torres-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ci\u00e9nega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotl\u00e1n 47810, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Carre\u00f1o-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Epidemiol\u00f3gicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Calzada M\u00e9xico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan 14370, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7054-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genaro Gabriel","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ci\u00e9nega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotl\u00e1n 47810, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Disciplinas Filos\u00f3ficas y Metodol\u00f3gicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0959-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Ben\u00edtez-King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurofarmacolog\u00eda, Subdirecci\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Calzada M\u00e9xico-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan 14370, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01543a060","article-title":"Isolation of Melatonin, Pineal Factor That Lightens Melanocytes","volume":"80","author":"Lerner","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. 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