{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T18:41:01Z","timestamp":1783190461025,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2022R15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanotechnology is one of the most recent technologies. It is uncertain whether the production of small-size nanoparticles (NPs) can be achieved through a simple, straightforward, and medicinally active phytochemical route. The present study aimed to develop an easy and justifiable method for the synthesis of Ag, Au, and their Ag\/Au bimetallic NPs (BNPs) by using Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) extract, and then to investigate the effects of Ag, Au, and their Ag\/Au BNPs as antimicrobial and phytotoxic agents. Ag, Au, and their Ag\/Au BNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, EDX, and SEM analysis. XRD analysis conferring to the face of face-centered cubic crystal structure with an average size of 13.3, 10.72, and 8.34 nm of Ag, Au, and Ag\/Au BNPs, respectively. SEM showed that Ag, Au, and Ag\/Au BNPs had spherical morphologies, with calculated nano measurements of 40, 30, and 20 nm, respectively. The EDX analysis confirmed the composition of elemental Ag signal of the HH-AgNPs with 22.75%, Au signal of the HH-AuNPs with 48.08%, Ag signal with 12%, and Au signal with 38.26% of the Ag\/Au BNPs. The Ag\/Au BNPs showed an excellent antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomycetes meriye, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens bacterial strains, as well as against three fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus flavus) compared to HH extract, HH-AgNPs, and HH-AuNPs. However, further investigations are recommended to be able to minimize potential risks of application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T02:36:36Z","timestamp":1668566196000},"page":"7895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Silver, Gold, and Silver\/Gold Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Naila","family":"Sher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalal Hussien M.","family":"Alkhalifah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushtaq","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6824-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faridullah","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fozia","family":"Fozia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat 26000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahmat Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2467-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael N.","family":"Hozzein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9395-0563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mourad A. M.","family":"Aboul-Soud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2010.07.006","article-title":"Nanosilver as a new generation of nanoproduct in biomedical applications","volume":"28","author":"Chaloupka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.01.035","article-title":"Spontaneous ultra fast synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Punica granatum for cancer targeted drug delivery","volume":"106","author":"Ganeshkumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. 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