{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T13:48:39Z","timestamp":1791035319991,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taif University","award":["TURSP-2020\/330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/330"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicinal plants play important role in the public health sector worldwide. Natural products from medicinal plants are sources of unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of their unique chemical diversity. Researchers have focused on exploring herbal products as potential sources for the treatment of cancer, cardiac and infectious diseases. Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) is an important medicinal plant found in the northwest Himalayan regions of Pakistan. It is a poisonous plant and is used as a remedy against snake bites and scorpion stings. In this study, two bioactive compounds were isolated from Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) and their anticancer activity was evaluated against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using an MTT assay. The crude extract of Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) was subjected to fractionation using different organic solvents in increasing order of polarity. The fraction indicating maximum activity was then taken for isolation of bioactive compounds using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques such as column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Crude extract of Arisaema flavum (Forssk.), as well as various fractions extracted in different solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate, were tested against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using an MTT assay. The crude extract exhibited significant dose-dependent anticancer activity with a maximum activity of 78.6% at 500 \u00b5g\/mL concentration. Two compounds, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester with molecular formula C18H36O7 and molar mass 284 and 5-Oxo-19 propyl-docosanoic acid methyl ester with molecular formula C26H50O3 and molecular mass 410, were isolated from chloroform fraction. These compounds were tested against the MCF-7cell line for cytotoxic activity and exhibited a significant (p &lt; 0.00l) decrease in cell numbers for MCF-7 cells with IC50 of 25 \u00b5M after 48 h of treatment. Results indicated that Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) possesses compounds with cytotoxic activity that can further be exploited to develop anticancer formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T06:19:01Z","timestamp":1668665941000},"page":"7932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Isolation, Characterization and Anticancer Activity of Two Bioactive Compounds from Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sobia","family":"Nisa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2533-3111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yamin","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saadia","family":"Masood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics & Mathematics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2472-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maimoona","family":"Sabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5322-7936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Qayyum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waqas","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Research in Science and Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1567-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman Y.","family":"Santali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saif A.","family":"Alharthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Toxicology and Forensic Sciences Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9393-1538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed M.","family":"Bawazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6619-0287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majed N.","family":"Almashjary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1917","article-title":"Anticancer Activity of Plant Derived Compounds: A Literature Based Review","volume":"7","author":"Rahaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2015.69084","article-title":"The Application of Medicinal Plants in Traditional and Modern Medicine: A Review of Thymus vulgaris","volume":"6","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v17i4.12","article-title":"Isolation of squarrosal and squarrosol compounds from methanol root extract of Ruelliasquarrosa(Acanthaceae)","volume":"17","author":"Afzal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2017.10.016","article-title":"Plant-derived anticancer agents: A green anticancer approach","volume":"7","author":"Iqbal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Brunton, L.L., Laso, J.S., and Parker, K.L. (2005). Goodman and Gilman\u2019s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"179","article-title":"Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cobra lily Species of North-western Himalayan Region: A Comparative Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Bhagat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Act. Prod. Nat."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Singh, G., and Kachroo, P. (1976). Forest flora of Srinagar and Plants of Neighbourhood, The University of Wisconsin. Bishen Singh Mehendra Pal Singh."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"285","article-title":"Indigenous Uses of Some Important ethnomedicinal herbs of Ayubia National Park, Abbottabad, Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Gilani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethnobot. Leaflets."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"49","article-title":"Common medicinal folk recipes of Siran Valley, Mansehra, Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethnobotany. Leaflets."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"43","article-title":"Ethnomedicine of Dolpa district, Nepal: The plants, their vernacular names and uses","volume":"8","author":"Kunwar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lyonia. J. Ecol. Application."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bibi, Y., Nisa, S., Zia, M., and Chaudhary, M.F. (2011). Antibacterial activity of some selected medicinal plants of Pakistan. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-52"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.135","article-title":"A novel mitogenic and antiproliferativelectin from a wild cobra lily, Arisaema flavum","volume":"318","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2019v11i8.33931","article-title":"Isolation of cytotoxic constituent from bioactivity guided fraction of alysicarpus monilifer l. (dc.)","volume":"11","author":"Kakrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60237-8","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of Elaeisguineensis on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines","volume":"2","author":"Vijayarathna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalczuk, D., and Pitucha, M. (2019). Application of FTIR Method for the Assessment of Immobilization of Active Substances in the Matrix of Biomedical Materials. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12182972"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/721402","article-title":"Evaluating Medicinal Plants for Anticancer Activity","volume":"2014","author":"Solowey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v7i2.50873","article-title":"Evaluation of the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of the acetone extract of the roots of Senna Italica (Fabaceae)","volume":"7","author":"Masoko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"990","article-title":"Evaluation of anticancer activity of Debregeasia Salicifolia extract against estrogen receptor positive cell line","volume":"10","author":"Nisa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"384","article-title":"Anticancer effects and cell cycle changes by A. Persicus","volume":"6","author":"Abdolmohammadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"DARU J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3923\/rjphyto.2013.1.9","article-title":"Two Cinnamoyl Triterpenes and Steroids from Crotalaria incana(Fabaceae)","volume":"7","author":"Azam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. J. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.11.037","article-title":"The novel acid degradation products of losartan: Isolation and characterization using Q-TOF, 2D-NMR and FTIR","volume":"120","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00439-3","article-title":"Oxanthrone esters from the roots of Cassia kleinii","volume":"59","author":"Anu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photochem"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"264","article-title":"Isolation And Characterization of Palmitic Acid, 2- (Tetradecyloxy) Ethyl Ester and Beta Sitosterol from Methanolic Extract of Bauhinia Purpurea Leaves","volume":"3","author":"Kaliyaperumal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro. J. Biomed. Pharma. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1352","article-title":"A new derivative of benzoic acid from Pluchea lanceolata","volume":"35","author":"Chopra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ind. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-624-1_7","article-title":"Isolation of natural products by low-pressure column chromatography","volume":"864","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"954","article-title":"Oligosaccharide esters isolated from plants of Polygalaceae","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herbal. Drugs."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-5995(00)80036-8","article-title":"Bioactive natural products derived from Polygonum species of plants: Their structures and mechanisms of action","volume":"22","author":"Ogwuru","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1021\/np010434n","article-title":"Polyphenolic glycosides and oligosaccharide multiesters from the roots of Polygala dalmaisiana","volume":"65","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phytochemical profiling of leaf, stem, and tuber parts of Solenaamplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Using GC-MS","volume":"3","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Sch. Res. Notices."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"900e","article-title":"GC-MS analysis of bioactive from Melastomastrum capitatum Fern. Leaf methanol extract. An anticancer plant","volume":"3","author":"Ukwubile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Afr."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"453","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of plant lipids containing \u03b1-linolenic acid. Indian","volume":"46","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bio."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"226","article-title":"GC-MS analysis of bioactive components of Aristolochiakrysagathra (Aristolochiaceae.)","volume":"2","author":"Jegadeeswari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, A., Alharthi, S., Al-Shalan, N.H., and Santali, E.Y. (2022). Development of Narrow-Bore C18 Column for Fast Separation of Peptides and Proteins in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Polymers., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14132576"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/22\/7932\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:19:36Z","timestamp":1760145576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/22\/7932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27227932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27227932","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]}}}