{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:12:39Z","timestamp":1791148359695,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Materials Chemistry Research Center (MCRC), Khon Kaen University"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and innovation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The complete detoxification of harmful dyes and antibiotics from aqueous solution is essential for environmental remediation. The present work focuses on a facile hydrothermal synthesis of a cadmium sulfide (CdS) photocatalyst using thioacetamide as a sulfur source. The synthesized CdS showed a hexagonal phase with an energy gap of 2.27 eV, suggesting the promising visible-light-responsive semiconducting photocatalyst. The photoactivity of the prepared CdS was investigated by evaluating the degradation of the Reactive red 141 (RR141) dye, Congo red (CR) dye, and ofloxacin (OFL) antibiotic. After only 180 min of solar light illumination, a high performance of 98%, 97%, and 87% toward degradation of RR141, CR, and OFL was obtained. The photodegradation of the pollutants agrees well with the first-order kinetic model. The rate constant of 0.055 min\u22121, 0.040 min\u22121, and 0.026 min\u22121, respectively, was reported toward degradation of RR141, CR, and OFL. Photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals play a vital role in removing toxic organic contaminants. The chemical stability of the prepared CdS was also confirmed. The synthesized CdS photocatalyst still maintains high photocatalytic performance even after five consecutive cycles of use, indicating its excellent cycling ability. The present research shows a facile route to fabricate a CdS photocatalyst to completely detoxify harmful organic pollutants, including dyes and antibiotics, in the environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T06:19:01Z","timestamp":1668665941000},"page":"7944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalyst for Detoxification of Azo Dyes and Ofloxacin Antibiotic in Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9172-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teeradech","family":"Senasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3731-0147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nattakarn","family":"Ruengchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarawoot","family":"Khamdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narubeth","family":"Lorwanishpaisarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8737-689X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suwat","family":"Nanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2018.05.032","article-title":"Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and enhanced photocatalytic performance of ZnO toward degradation of organic azo dye","volume":"226","author":"Chankhanittha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. 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