{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T03:51:49Z","timestamp":1772077909537,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["306907\/2020-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306907\/2020-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005285","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Goi\u00e1s","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202210267000702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202210267000702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are one of the most active classes for cardiovascular diseases and hypertension treatment. In this regard, developing active and non-toxic ACE inhibitors is still a continuous challenge. Furthermore, the literature survey shows that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of hypertension. Herein, glutathione\u2019s molecular structure and supramolecular arrangements are evaluated as a potential ACE inhibitor. The tripeptide molecular modeling by density functional theory, the electronic structure by the frontier molecular orbitals, and the molecular electrostatic potential map to understand the biochemical processes inside the cell were analyzed. The supramolecular arrangements were studied by Hirshfeld surfaces, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and natural bond orbital analyses. They showed distinct patterns of intermolecular interactions in each polymorph, as well as distinct stabilizations of these. Additionally, the molecular docking study presented the interactions between the active site residues of the ACE and glutathione via seven hydrogen bonds. The pharmacophore design indicated that the hydrogen bond acceptors are necessary for the interaction of this ligand with the binding site. The results provide useful information for the development of GSH analogs with higher ACE inhibitor activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27227958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T06:11:34Z","timestamp":1668751894000},"page":"7958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["New Insights on Glutathione\u2019s Supramolecular Arrangement and Its In Silico Analysis as an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9410-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f4nio S. N.","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Qu\u00edmica Te\u00f3rica e Estrutural de An\u00e1polis, Universidade Estadual de Goi\u00e1s, Anapolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor D.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Qu\u00edmica Te\u00f3rica e Estrutural de An\u00e1polis, Universidade Estadual de Goi\u00e1s, Anapolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa e Efici\u00eancia Energ\u00e9tica, CAOA Montadora de Ve\u00edculos LTDA, Anapolis 75184-000, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo L.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Qu\u00edmica Te\u00f3rica e Estrutural de An\u00e1polis, Universidade Estadual de Goi\u00e1s, Anapolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil"},{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas e da Vida, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Goi\u00e1s, Goiania 74605-010, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas D.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Qu\u00edmica Te\u00f3rica e Estrutural de An\u00e1polis, Universidade Estadual de Goi\u00e1s, Anapolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evang\u00e9lica de Goi\u00e1s, Anapolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9016-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ademir J.","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Qu\u00edmica Te\u00f3rica e Estrutural de An\u00e1polis, Universidade Estadual de Goi\u00e1s, Anapolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1057-9664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e1l","family":"Perjesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evang\u00e9lica de Goi\u00e1s, Anapolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamilton B.","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Qu\u00edmica Te\u00f3rica e Estrutural de An\u00e1polis, Universidade Estadual de Goi\u00e1s, Anapolis 75132-903, GO, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evang\u00e9lica de Goi\u00e1s, Anapolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cardiovascular Disease as a Leading Cause of Death: How Are Pharmacists Getting Involved","volume":"8","author":"Alzubaidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integr. 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