{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T13:50:58Z","timestamp":1785592258960,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPM-00255-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPM-00255-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304922\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304922\/2018-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPM-00255-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPM-00255-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304922\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304922\/2018-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa (PRPq)\/UFMG","award":["PPM-00255-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPM-00255-18"]}]},{"name":"Pr\u00f3-Reitoria de Pesquisa (PRPq)\/UFMG","award":["304922\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304922\/2018-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the lack of antiviral agents available for human use, while the complexity of the physiological changes caused by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) imposed the prescription of multidrug pharmacotherapy to treat infected patients. In a significant number of cases, it was necessary to add antibiotics to the prescription to decrease the risk of co-infections, preventing the worsening of the patient\u2019s condition. However, the precautionary use of antibiotics corroborated to increase bacterial resistance. Since the development of vaccines for COVID-19, the pandemic scenario has changed, but the development of new antiviral drugs is still a major challenge. Research for new drugs with synergistic activity against virus and resistant bacteria can produce drug leads to be used in the treatment of mild cases of COVID-19 and to fight other viruses and new viral diseases. Following the repurposing approach, plant spices have been searched for antiviral lead compounds, since the toxic effects of plants that are traditionally consumed are already known, speeding up the drug discovery process. The need for effective drugs in the context of viral diseases is discussed in this review, with special focus on plant-based spices with antiviral and antibiotic activity. The activity of plants against resistant bacteria, the diversity of the components present in plant extracts and the synergistic interaction of these metabolites and industrialized antibiotics are discussed, with the aim of contributing to the development of antiviral and antibiotic drugs. A literature search was performed in electronic databases such as Science Direct; SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online); LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences); Elsevier, SpringerLink; and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: antiviral plants, antibacterial plants, coronavirus treatment, morbidities and COVID-19, bacterial resistance, resistant antibiotics, hospital-acquired infections, spices of plant origin, coronaviruses and foods, spices with antiviral effect, drug prescriptions and COVID-19, and plant synergism. Articles published in English in the period from 2020 to 2022 and relevant to the topic were used as the main inclusion criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T03:34:24Z","timestamp":1669347264000},"page":"8210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Plant Spices as a Source of Antimicrobial Synergic Molecules to Treat Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Nath\u00e1lia Barroso Almeida","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Aparecida","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.076","article-title":"Trends and strategies to combat viral infections: A review on FDA approved antiviral drugs","volume":"172","author":"Tompa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. 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