{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T11:42:53Z","timestamp":1784979773392,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"basic public welfare technology research program project of Zhejiang province of China","award":["LGF20H280001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF20H280001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bombyx batryticatus (BB) is an anticonvulsant animal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and acts on the central nervous system. This research aimed to study the anticonvulsant effects of different polarity fractions of extracts from BB and to explore the components conferring anticonvulsant activity. Materials and methods: Crude extracts of BB at 20 g\/kg were divided into different polarity fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, water) and were administered to groups of mice before injecting pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) to induce convulsions. The animals were placed in chambers, and their behaviors were recorded for 30 min following the injection. Latency time, percent of protection, convulsion, convulsion rate, and convulsion score were determined for these mice. The compounds present in the different fractions were analyzed, and those from the fraction that conferred anticonvulsant activity were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS) and molecular networking (MN). The chloroform extract fractions (B-C) clearly increased the seizure latency time and protection percentage and decreased the convulsion percentage compared to the control group. The anticonvulsant effect of other extract fractions was not significant. Our study shows that the chloroform extract fractions (B-C) of BB have a significant anticonvulsant effect. We also identified 17 compounds including lumichrome, pheophorbide A, and episyringaresinol 4\u2032-O-beta-d-glucopyranose that were found for the first time. The results of this study may lay the groundwork for studying compounds derived from Bombyx batryticatus and their anticonvulsant effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T02:09:58Z","timestamp":1669687798000},"page":"8315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anticonvulsant Activity of Bombyx batryticatus and Analysis of Bioactive Extracts Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF MS\/MS and Molecular Networking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6181-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinglei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological Toxicology, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linke","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"},{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00246-4","article-title":"The SANAD II study of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of valproate versus levetiracetam for newly diagnosed generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: An open-label, non-inferiority, multicentre, phase 4, randomised controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Marson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5760","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170911111536","article-title":"Role of Pharmacogenomics in Antiepileptic Drug Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Gambardella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antill-O\u2019Brien, N., Bourke, J., and O\u2019Connell, C.D. (2019). Layer-By-Layer: The Case for 3D Bioprinting Neurons to Create Patient-Specific Epilepsy Models. Materials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12193218"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.02.037","article-title":"Therapeutic role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in preventing epileptogenesis","volume":"497","author":"McDaniel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4998","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61969-1","article-title":"Effects of palmatine on BDNF\/TrkB-mediated trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"221","article-title":"Comparative study on pharmacodynamics of anticonvulsant effects of alcohol extracts from bombyx batryticatus and centipedes","volume":"6","author":"Yao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. Remedies Clin."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, M., Yu, Z., Wang, J., Fan, W., Liu, Y., Li, J., Xiao, H., Li, Y., Peng, W., and Wu, C. (2017). Traditional Uses, Origins, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bombyx batryticatus: A Review. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101779"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00471.x","article-title":"U-shaped dose-dependent effects of BmK AS, a unique scorpion polypeptide toxin, on voltage-gated sodium channels","volume":"158","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"696","article-title":"A primary study on anticonvulsant parts of BombyxmoriL","volume":"17","author":"Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"248","article-title":"Anticonvulsive activity of three compounds isolated from Beauveria bassiana","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"431","article-title":"Compounds isolated and purified from chloroform active part of Bombyx batryticatus and their anticonvulsive activities","volume":"45","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2014.916284","article-title":"Two new compounds from Bombyx batryticatus","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.7b00737","article-title":"Bioactivity-Based Molecular Networking for the Discovery of Drug Leads in Natural Product Bioassay-Guided Fractionation","volume":"81","author":"Nothias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S., Yang, X., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Li, T., Zhao, L., Bao, Y., and Meng, X. (2021). Interpretation of the absorbed constituents and pharmacological effect of Spica Schizonepetae extract on non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248700"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costantini, S., Guerriero, E., Teta, R., Capone, F., Caso, A., Sorice, A., Romano, G., Ianora, A., Ruocco, N., and Budillon, A. (2017). Evaluating the Effects of an Organic Extract from the Mediterranean Sponge Geodia cydonium on Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102112"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2016.10.011","article-title":"Molecular Networking As a Drug Discovery, Drug Metabolism, and Precision Medicine Strategy","volume":"38","author":"Quinn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572952","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.572952","article-title":"Molecular Networking: A Useful Tool for the Identification of New Psychoactive Substances in Seizures by LC-HRMS","volume":"8","author":"Vincenti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azizah, M., Pripdeevech, P., Thongkongkaew, T., Mahidol, C., Ruchirawat, S., and Kittakoop, P. (2020). UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS-Based Molecular Networking Guided Isolation and Dereplication of Antibacterial and Antifungal Constituents of Ventilago denticulata. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9090606"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-19-56","article-title":"The effect of PTZ-induced epileptic seizures on hippocampal expression of PSA-NCAM in offspring born to kindled rats","volume":"19","author":"Rajabzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2008000500026","article-title":"Plants with anticonvulsant properties: A review","volume":"18","author":"Almeida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.2709","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of atractylenolide II and atractylenolide III by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizoma extract","volume":"26","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Rants\u2019o, T.A. (2017). Establishment and Optimization of the LC-MS-Based Strategy for Screening of Passively Absorbed A\u00e7a\u00ed and Maca Constituents for CYP3A4 Inhibition. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Auburn University]."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2174\/2213240604666170623125856","article-title":"Molecular Level-based Analysis of Organosolv Wastewater","volume":"4","author":"Poerschmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1021\/jf1039074","article-title":"Lumichrome and phenyllactic acid as chemical markers of thistle (Galactites tomentosa Moench) honey","volume":"59","author":"Tuberoso","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b00470","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Aurantiamide and Aurantiamide Acetate in Rats after Oral Administration of Portulaca oleracea L. Extracts","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14010836","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in the rat determined by UPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2017.02.007","article-title":"Solid phase extraction using molecular imprinted polymers for phthalate determination in water and wine samples by HPLC-ESI-MS","volume":"132","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110517","article-title":"Degradation of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) by a bacterial consortium and characterization of two novel esterases capable of hydrolyzing PAEs sequentially","volume":"195","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3194","article-title":"Kidney tissue targeted metabolic profiling of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and the proposed therapeutic effects of Rhizoma Drynariae studied using UHPLC\/MS\/MS","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.11.022","article-title":"A comprehensive appraisal on Crocus chrysanthus (Herb.) Herb. flower extracts with HPLC-MS\/MS profiles, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties","volume":"164","author":"Zengin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10439","DOI":"10.1021\/jf802038b","article-title":"Development of a LC-MS\/MS method for the analysis of enniatins and beauvericin in whole fresh and ensiled maize","volume":"56","author":"Nielsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tolosa, J., Rodr\u00edguez-Carrasco, Y., Ferrer, E., and Ma\u00f1es, J. (2019). Identification and Quantification of Enniatins and Beauvericin in Animal Feeds and Their Ingredients by LC-QTRAP\/MS\/MS. Metabolites, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9020033"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2015). Serrano, Ana Bel\u00e9n; Capriotti, Anna Laura; Cavaliere, Chiara; Piovesana, Susy; Samperi, Roberto; Ventura, Salvatore; Lagan\u00e0, Aldo, Development of a Rapid LC-MS\/MS Method for the Determination of Emerging Fusarium mycotoxins Enniatins and Beauvericin in Human Biological Fluids. Toxins, 7, 3554\u20133571.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7093554"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40694-018-0048-3","article-title":"Aspergillus niger is a superior expression host for the production of bioactive fungal cyclodepsipeptides","volume":"5","author":"Boecker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fungal Biol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9930210","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9930210","article-title":"Characterization of Endophytic Fungi, Acremonium sp., from Lilium davidii and Analysis of Its Antifungal and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects","volume":"2021","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0753","article-title":"Identification of fatty acids and fatty acid amides in human meibomian gland secretions","volume":"48","author":"Nichols","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.03.004","article-title":"Detection and qualitative analysis of fatty acid amides in the urine of alcoholics using HPLC-QTOF-MS","volume":"52","author":"Dabur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202001210","article-title":"A sensitive LC-MS\/MS method for the study of exogenously administered (13) C-oleoylethanolamide in rat plasma and brain tissue","volume":"44","author":"Prentice","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-021-01495-0","article-title":"Identification of pheophorbide a as an inhibitor of receptor for advanced glycation end products in Mallotus japonicus","volume":"75","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8042","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01821B","article-title":"Identifying mechanisms underlying the amelioration effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. \u2018Boju\u2019 extract on hyperuricemia using biochemical characterization and UPLC-ESI-QTOF\/MS-based metabolomics","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"2377","article-title":"Chemical constituents from Bombyx Batryticatus","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-013-0270-y","article-title":"Optimization of Flavonoids Extraction from Bombyx batryticatus Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities In vitro","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2004). Kikuchi, Haruhisa; Takahashi, Nahoko; Oshima, Yoshiteru, Novel aromatics bearing 4-O-methylglucose unit isolated from the oriental crude drug Bombyx Batryticatus. Tetrahedron Lett., 45, 367\u2013370.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2003.10.159"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.12.004","article-title":"A novel peptide inhibitor of platelet aggregation from stiff silkworm, Bombyx batryticatus","volume":"53","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"327","article-title":"Behavioral despair in mice: A primary screening test for antidepressants","volume":"229","author":"Porsolt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/23\/8315\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:28:57Z","timestamp":1760146137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/27\/23\/8315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules27238315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27238315","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]}}}