{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:51:42Z","timestamp":1790790702550,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mosquitoes can be vectors of pathogens and transmit diseases to both animals and humans. Species of the genus Culex are part of the cycle of neglected diseases, especially Culex\u00a0quinquefasciatus, which is an anthropophilic vector of lymphatic filariasis. Natural products can be an alternative to synthetic insecticides for vector control; however, the main issue is the poor water availability of some compounds from plant origin. In this context, nanoemulsions are kinetic stable delivery systems of great interest for lipophilic substances. The objective of this study was to investigate the larvicidal activity of the Hyptis suaveolens essential oil nanoemulsion on Cx. quinquefasciatus. The essential oil showed a predominance of monoterpenes with retention time (RT) lower than 15 min. The average size diameter of the emulsions (sorbitan monooleate\/polysorbate 20) was \u2264 200 nm. The nanoemulsion showed high larvicidal activity in concentrations of 250 and 125 ppm. CL50 values were 102.41 (77.5253\u2013149.14) ppm and 70.8105 (44.5282\u2013109.811) ppm after 24 and 48 h, respectively. The mortality rate in the surfactant control was lower than 9%. Scanning micrograph images showed changes in the larvae\u2019s integument. This study achieved an active nanoemulsion on Cx. quinquefasciatus through a low-energy-input technique and without using potentially toxic organic solvents. Therefore, it expands the scope of possible applications of H. suaveolens essential oil in the production of high-added-value nanosystems for tropical disease vector control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T03:55:37Z","timestamp":1669953337000},"page":"8433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Larvicidal Effect of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Essential Oil Nanoemulsion on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Taires","family":"Peniche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek Km 02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macap\u00e1 CEP 68903-419, Amap\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Arthropoda, Collegiate of Biology, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek Km 02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macap\u00e1 CEP 68903-419, Amap\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7276-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatas L.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phytopharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology, Collegiate of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek Km 02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macap\u00e1 CEP 68903-419, Amap\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo M. A.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Arthropoda, Collegiate of Biology, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek Km 02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macap\u00e1 CEP 68903-419, Amap\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor A. P.","family":"Sid\u00f4nio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phytopharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology, Collegiate of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek Km 02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macap\u00e1 CEP 68903-419, Amap\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e2ngela S. F. 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M.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phytopharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology, Collegiate of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek Km 02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macap\u00e1 CEP 68903-419, Amap\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1728-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo A. 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